GALLIPOLI, anciently Callipolis, an important seaport town of Naples, province of Terra di Otranto, beautifully situated on a rocky islet, on the east shore of the Gulf of Taranto, and connected by a long stone bridge of twelve arches with the mainland, on which is its suburb of Lizza. The town is well-built and fortified, and has a castle erected by Charles I. of Anjou, a cathedral, and a fountain decorated by antique bas-reliefs. It is chiefly noted for its extensive cisterns cut in the solid rock for containing the olive oil collected from all parts of Puglia, and which constitutes its chief export. It has no harbour, but a bay or roadstead north-east of the town, with from ten to twelve fathoms water, but trending towards the shore so that vessels of considerable burden should not come within less than a musket shot of the land. Gallipoli has also a considerable trade in corn, fruits, &c., and a productive tunny fishery. The chief manufactures are muslins, cotton stockings, and woollen goods. Pop. upwards of 10,000.