MOGHILEV, or MOHILEV, a government of Russia in Europe, bounded on the N. by that of Vitebsk, E. and S. by those of Smolensk and Tchernigov, and W. by that of Minsk. It lies between 53. 5. and 55. 10. N. Lat., and between 28. 50. and 32. 40. E. Long., having a length of 210 miles, a breadth of 112, and an area of 18,724 square miles. The northern part of the government is traversed by a low range of hills, which separate the streams flowing north from those which take a southern direction; but the greater part of the surface is flat, and there are few lakes or marshes. The principal river in the government is the Dnieper, which enters Moghilev from the N.E., and after flowing through the centre of the district, forms its boundary on the S.W. Of the tributaries of the Dnieper in this district, the most important are the Swinaja, the Bolotinka, and the Sodscha, on the left; and the Druiez on the right. The climate is mild and dry; and the soil, which is fertile, is equally suitable for cultivation and for pasture. A great part of the surface is covered with oak and pine woods, which furnish excellent timber for ship-building, especially for masts. Along the banks of the rivers there are extensive and rich meadows, on which large flocks and herds are fed. Iron ore is found in great abundance, but it is only worked to a limited extent, the inhabitants being employed principally in pastoral and agricultural pursuits. The quantity of corn raised annually amounts to nearly 23,080,000 bushels. Rye, barley, oats, wheat, buckwheat, hemp, flax, and hops, are the principal crops grown; and the quantity of these so exceeds the demand as to leave a considerable amount for exportation. The horses and cattle are of an inferior breed; but the sheep have been much improved by crossing with those of Saxony. The manufactures are insignificant, and are chiefly in the hands of Jews. A considerable trade is carried on in grain, hemp, flax, leather, honey, wax, &c. The government is divided into twelve districts; and the principal towns are Moghilev the capital, and Mstislavl. The inhabitants are chiefly Russians, or Little Russians, and there are also many Jews and gypsies. The language spoken in Moghilev is a mixture of Polish and Russian. Pop. (1846) 931,300.