ARCH.

PLATE XVII.

Figures 1-5: Architectural cross-sections of various arches.

Fig. 1. Fig. 2. Fig. 3. Fig. 4. Fig. 5.

This row contains five architectural cross-sections of arches. Fig. 1 shows a pointed arch. Fig. 2 shows a flat-topped arch. Fig. 3 shows a pointed arch with a different profile. Fig. 4 shows a pointed arch. Fig. 5 shows a flat-topped arch. Each arch is supported by a wall structure.

Fig. 6: A detailed drawing of a stone arch.

Fig. 6.

A detailed perspective drawing of a stone arch, showing the individual stones and their arrangement. It is labeled Fig. 6.

Fig. 7: Geometric construction of an arch.

Fig. 7.

A geometric diagram showing the construction of an arch. It includes a horizontal line with points, a vertical line, and a curved line representing the arch. It is labeled Fig. 7.

Fig. 8: Geometric construction of an arch.

Fig. 8.

A geometric diagram showing the construction of an arch. It includes a horizontal line with points, a vertical line, and a curved line representing the arch. It is labeled Fig. 8.

Fig. 9: Geometric construction of an arch.

Fig. 9.

A geometric diagram showing the construction of an arch. It includes a horizontal line with points, a vertical line, and a curved line representing the arch. It is labeled Fig. 9.

Fig. 10: Geometric construction of an arch.

Fig. 10.

A geometric diagram showing the construction of an arch. It includes a horizontal line with points, a vertical line, and a curved line representing the arch. It is labeled Fig. 10.

Fig. 11: Geometric construction of an arch.

Fig. 11.

A geometric diagram showing the construction of an arch. It includes a horizontal line with points, a vertical line, and a curved line representing the arch. It is labeled Fig. 11.

Fig. 12: Geometric construction of an arch.

Fig. 12.

A complex geometric diagram showing the construction of an arch. It includes a horizontal line with points, a vertical line, and a curved line representing the arch. It is labeled Fig. 12.

Fig. 13: Geometric construction of an arch.

Fig. 13.

A geometric diagram showing the construction of an arch. It includes a horizontal line with points, a vertical line, and a curved line representing the arch. It is labeled Fig. 13.

Fig. 14: Geometric construction of an arch.

Fig. 14.

A geometric diagram showing the construction of an arch. It includes a horizontal line with points, a vertical line, and a curved line representing the arch. It is labeled Fig. 14.

Fig. 15: Geometric construction of an arch.

Fig. 15.

A geometric diagram showing the construction of an arch. It includes a horizontal line with points, a vertical line, and a curved line representing the arch. It is labeled Fig. 15.

A blank, aged, cream-colored page, likely an endpaper or flyleaf of a book. The page shows signs of wear, including faint smudges and discoloration, particularly along the left edge.This image shows a blank, aged, cream-colored page, likely an endpaper or flyleaf from an old book. The paper has a slightly textured appearance with some minor discoloration and faint smudges, particularly along the left edge. There is no text or other markings on the page.
Figures 1-5: Architectural drawings of various arches and vaults.

Fig. 1. Fig. 2. Fig. 3. Fig. 4. Fig. 5.

Figures 1 through 5 show various types of stone arches and vaults, including pointed arches, flat arches, and ribbed vaults, constructed from stone blocks.

Fig. 6.
Fig. 6: A detailed drawing of a stone arch.

Fig. 6. A detailed drawing of a stone arch, showing the construction of the voussoirs and the central keystone. Labels include A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z.

Fig. 9.
Fig. 9: Geometric construction of an arch.

Fig. 9. A geometric construction diagram for an arch, showing the use of a circle and a horizontal line to define the curve. Points are labeled A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z.

Fig. 7.
Fig. 7: Geometric construction of an arch.

Fig. 7. A geometric construction diagram for an arch, showing the use of a circle and a horizontal line to define the curve. Points are labeled A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z.

Fig. 8.
Fig. 8: Geometric construction of an arch.

Fig. 8. A geometric construction diagram for an arch, showing the use of a circle and a horizontal line to define the curve. Points are labeled A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z.

Fig. 10.
Fig. 10: Geometric construction of an arch.

Fig. 10. A geometric construction diagram for an arch, showing the use of a circle and a horizontal line to define the curve. Points are labeled A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z.

Fig. 11.
Fig. 11: Geometric construction of an arch.

Fig. 11. A geometric construction diagram for an arch, showing the use of a circle and a horizontal line to define the curve. Points are labeled A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z.

Fig. 12.
Fig. 12: Geometric construction of an arch.

Fig. 12. A complex geometric construction diagram for an arch, showing the use of multiple circles and lines to define the curve. Points are labeled A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z.

Fig. 13.
Fig. 13: Geometric construction of an arch.

Fig. 13. A geometric construction diagram for an arch, showing the use of a circle and a horizontal line to define the curve. Points are labeled A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z.

Fig. 14.
Fig. 14: Geometric construction of an arch.

Fig. 14. A geometric construction diagram for an arch, showing the use of a circle and a horizontal line to define the curve. Points are labeled A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z.

Fig. 15.
Fig. 15: Geometric construction of an arch.

Fig. 15. A geometric construction diagram for an arch, showing the use of a circle and a horizontal line to define the curve. Points are labeled A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z.

A blank page with a light beige background, showing faint, illegible ghosting of text from the reverse side.This image shows a blank page with a light beige or cream-colored background. There is a very faint, ghostly impression of text or a design on the surface, which appears to be bleed-through from the other side of the paper. The ghosting is mostly illegible, consisting of various shapes and lines that do not form a clear message. The overall texture of the paper is slightly grainy, and there are some minor discolorations or spots, particularly towards the edges.
Fig. 1: A detailed architectural drawing of a vaulted ceiling. It shows a large central semi-circular vault supported by a smaller, more complex vault on the right. The structure is composed of numerous small rectangular blocks, likely representing bricks or stones, arranged in a regular pattern. The drawing includes construction lines and labels for various points and lines.
Fig. 1.
Fig. 5: A perspective drawing of a structural frame. It shows a series of vertical columns supporting horizontal beams. The frame is composed of several rectangular sections, with some columns extending further than others, creating a stepped or tiered appearance.
Fig. 5.
Fig. 6: A perspective drawing of a structural frame, similar to Fig. 5. It shows a series of vertical columns supporting horizontal beams, with a different arrangement of columns and beams compared to Fig. 5.
Fig. 6.
Fig. 2: A large, detailed drawing of a vaulted ceiling. It shows a large semi-circular vault supported by a smaller, more complex vault on the right. The structure is composed of numerous small rectangular blocks, likely representing bricks or stones, arranged in a regular pattern. The drawing includes construction lines and labels for various points and lines.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3: A simple drawing of a vertical column or pier. It is a single, straight vertical line with a small rectangular base at the bottom.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 4: A drawing of a semi-circular arch. It shows a simple semi-circular arch supported by two vertical walls. The drawing includes construction lines and labels for various points and lines.
Fig. 4.
A drawing of a structural frame, showing a series of vertical columns supporting horizontal beams. It is a simple, symmetrical frame with two columns and two beams.
Fig. 8: A drawing of a semi-circular arch. It shows a simple semi-circular arch supported by two vertical walls. The drawing includes construction lines and labels for various points and lines.
Fig. 8.
Fig. 7: A drawing of a semi-circular arch. It shows a simple semi-circular arch supported by two vertical walls. The drawing includes construction lines and labels for various points and lines.
Fig. 7.
Fig. 9: A drawing of a semi-circular arch. It shows a simple semi-circular arch supported by two vertical walls. The drawing includes construction lines and labels for various points and lines.
Fig. 9.
A blank, aged, cream-colored page, likely an endpaper or flyleaf of a book. The page shows signs of wear, including faint smudges and discoloration, particularly along the right edge.This image shows a blank, aged, cream-colored page, likely an endpaper or flyleaf from an old book. The paper has a slightly textured appearance with some minor discoloration and faint smudges, particularly along the right edge. There is no text or other markings on the page.
Fig. 1: A detailed plan view of a vaulted ceiling. It shows a large semi-circular vault on the left and a smaller, more complex vault on the right. The right vault features a central recessed area with a semi-circular opening. Numerous small squares, representing individual stone blocks or coffers, are arranged in a regular pattern along the entire surface of the vaults. A vertical line labeled 'M' runs through the center of the main vault, and various other points are labeled with letters.
Fig. 1.
Fig. 4: A perspective view of a structural frame. It consists of two vertical columns connected by horizontal beams. The left column has three horizontal beams, and the right column has two. The beams are connected to the columns by vertical supports. The structure is shown in a three-quarter view, highlighting its depth and the arrangement of its components.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 2: A geometric construction diagram for a vault. It shows a large semi-circular arch with a smaller semi-circular arch nested within it. The construction is based on a series of points and lines, with labels like 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P', 'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P', 'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z'. The diagram illustrates the mathematical principles used to design the vault's shape.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 5: A perspective view of a structural frame, similar to Fig. 4 but with a different arrangement of beams and columns. It shows two vertical columns with horizontal beams connecting them. The structure is shown in a three-quarter view, highlighting its depth and the arrangement of its components.
Fig. 5.
Fig. 3: A simple vertical structural element, possibly a column or a pier. It is shown in a perspective view, highlighting its height and the arrangement of its components.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 6: A plan view of a semi-circular arch. It shows the arch's shape and the arrangement of its components. The arch is shown in a plan view, highlighting its shape and the arrangement of its components.
Fig. 6.
Fig. 7: A plan view of a vaulted ceiling. It shows the arrangement of the vault's components and the structure of the ceiling. The vault is shown in a plan view, highlighting its shape and the arrangement of its components.
Fig. 7.
Fig. 8: A plan view of a semi-circular arch. It shows the arch's shape and the arrangement of its components. The arch is shown in a plan view, highlighting its shape and the arrangement of its components.
Fig. 8.
Fig. 9: A plan view of a vaulted ceiling. It shows the arrangement of the vault's components and the structure of the ceiling. The vault is shown in a plan view, highlighting its shape and the arrangement of its components.
Fig. 9.
Fig. 10: A plan view of a vaulted ceiling. It shows the arrangement of the vault's components and the structure of the ceiling. The vault is shown in a plan view, highlighting its shape and the arrangement of its components.
Fig. 10.
A blank page with a light beige background, showing faint, illegible ghosting of text from the reverse side.This image shows a blank page with a light beige or cream-colored background. There is a subtle texture to the paper. Faint, ghostly impressions of text from the reverse side of the page are visible, appearing as light grey shapes. These shapes are mostly illegible but seem to be arranged in a structured format, possibly a table or a list. The overall appearance is that of an old, slightly aged piece of paper.