ASTRONOMY.

PLATE LXXVII.

Fig. 1.

Fig. 2.

Fig. 3.

Fig. 4.

Fig. 5.

Fig. 6.

Fig. 7.

Fig. 8.

Fig. 9.

Fig. 10.

Fig. 11.

Fig. 12.

A blank, aged, cream-colored page, likely an endpaper or flyleaf of a book. The page shows signs of wear, including faint smudges and discoloration, particularly along the left edge and bottom.

Fig. 27

Geometric diagram showing a circle with a horizontal diameter and a vertical radius. A line segment extends from the center to the top of the circle, and another line segment extends from the center to the left. A horizontal line intersects the vertical radius, and a vertical line intersects the horizontal diameter. Various points are labeled with letters.

Fig. 28

A large circular diagram with a central star symbol. Around the perimeter are eight smaller circles, each containing a grid of lines. The outer circle has degree markings from 0 to 360. A central point is labeled 'C'.

Fig. 29

Geometric diagram showing a circle with a horizontal diameter. A line segment extends from the center to the top of the circle. A horizontal line intersects the vertical radius, and a vertical line intersects the horizontal diameter. Various points are labeled with letters.

Fig. 30

Fig. 31

A large spherical diagram showing a sphere with a grid of latitude and longitude lines. The grid is centered on a vertical axis. Various points are labeled with letters.

Fig. 32

Fig. 33

Fig. 34

Fig. 35

A large circular diagram with a central sphere. Concentric circles surround the sphere, with various points and lines labeled. The outermost circle has degree markings.

Fig. 36

Fig. 37

Fig. 38

Fig. 27

Geometric diagram showing a circle with a horizontal diameter and a vertical radius. A line segment connects the center to a point on the circumference. A horizontal line segment is drawn from the center to the right, and a vertical line segment is drawn from the center to the bottom. Points are labeled A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z.

Fig. 25

A circular arrangement of eight small globes, each showing a different celestial sphere projection. The globes are arranged in a circle around a central eight-pointed star. The globes are labeled with letters A through H around the perimeter.

Fig. 26

Geometric diagram showing a circle with a horizontal diameter. A line segment connects the center to a point on the circumference. A horizontal line segment is drawn from the center to the right, and a vertical line segment is drawn from the center to the bottom. Points are labeled A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z.

Fig. 28

A large celestial sphere projection showing the ecliptic and the equator. The sphere is divided into 24 equal segments by vertical lines. The ecliptic is shown as a curve that is slightly tilted relative to the equator. Points are labeled with letters A through Z around the perimeter.

Fig. 28

Fig. 31

Fig. 34

Fig. 32

Fig. 30

A complex circular diagram showing the positions of the planets in the zodiac. The outer ring is divided into 12 equal segments representing the months. The inner ring shows the positions of the planets. The center is a sphere representing the Earth. Points are labeled with letters A through Z around the perimeter.

Fig. 35

Fig. 33

Fig. 36

Fig. 1.

Diagram of a sphere with a vertical axis and a curved line representing a celestial path.

Fig. 2.

Fig. 3.

Fig. 4.

Diagram showing two circular orbits with a central point and a curved path.

Fig. 5.

Fig. 6.

Fig. 7.

Fig. 8.

Diagram of the Ptolemaic model of the solar system, showing the Sun at the center, surrounded by the orbits of the Moon, Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn.

Fig. 9.

Fig. 10.

Fig. 11.

Fig. 12.

ASTRONOMY.

PLATE LXIII.

Fig. 37.

Fig. 38.

Fig. 39.

Fig. 40.

Fig. 41.

Fig. 42.

Fig. 43.

Fig. 44.

Fig. 45.

Fig. 46.

Fig. 49.

Fig. 51

Geometric diagram showing a circle on the left and a smaller circle on the right, connected by lines forming a trapezoid-like shape. This likely represents a projection or a geometric construction related to celestial bodies.

Fig. 52

Geometric diagram showing two circles, one larger and one smaller, with lines connecting their centers and points on their perimeters. This is a geometric construction, possibly related to the intersection of celestial paths.

Fig. 53

Geometric diagram showing a circular object with a star-like pattern on the left and a crescent-shaped object on the right, connected by lines. This likely represents a projection of a celestial body, such as the Moon, showing its phases and libration.

THE MOON IN HER MEAN LIBRATION.

A large, detailed circular image of the Moon, showing its surface features, including maria, highlands, and craters. The image is set against a dark background and is framed by a thin border.

A blank, aged, cream-colored page with a large, faint, circular watermark or stain in the lower center.

This image shows a blank, aged, cream-colored page, likely an endpaper or flyleaf from an old book. The paper has a slightly textured appearance with some minor discoloration and faint, irregular stains. A prominent, large, faint circular watermark or stain is visible in the lower center of the page, appearing as a lighter, almost white circle against the cream background. The page is framed by a dark border, possibly the book's binding or the edges of the paper.

ASTRONOMY.

PLATE LXXX.

Fig. 50.

Geometric diagram showing the construction of a lunar libration cone. It features two circles, one larger on the left and one smaller on the right, with various construction lines and points labeled with letters like A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z.

Fig. 51.

Fig. 52.

Geometric diagram showing the construction of a lunar libration cone. It features a circular diagram on the left with a star-like pattern and numbers 1-12, and a larger circular diagram on the right with a shaded region and construction lines. Points are labeled with letters like A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z.

Fig. 47.

THE MOON IN HER MEAN LIBRATION.

A large, detailed circular image of the Moon's surface, showing various craters, maria, and highlands. The image is set against a dark background.

A blank, aged page with a large, faint circular watermark in the center and a faint rectangular outline above it.

This image shows a blank, aged page with a light beige or cream color. A large, faint circular watermark is centered on the page, appearing as a subtle, lighter-toned circle. Above the circle, there is a faint, horizontal rectangular outline that spans most of the width of the page. The paper has a slightly textured appearance with some minor discoloration and small dark spots, characteristic of old paper.

Fig. 26

A horizontal row of 24 circular diagrams showing the phases of a planet, from a full disk on the left to a thin crescent on the right. Below the diagrams is a scale bar with numerical markings from 0 to 360 in increments of 30 degrees.

Fig. 27

The motion of Saturn, Jupiter and Mars in respect of the Earth.

A large circular diagram representing the Ptolemaic model of the solar system. At the center is 'The Sun'. Surrounding it are three concentric epicyclic paths for 'Mars', 'Jupiter', and 'Saturn'. The outermost ring is a large circle with degree markings from 0 to 360. The paths for the planets are composed of smaller circles (epicycles) that move along the larger circular orbits.

Fig. 28

A circular diagram showing the orbital paths of two planets, likely Mars and Jupiter, with various points and lines indicating their positions and relative movements.

Fig. 29

A geometric diagram illustrating the construction of a planet's orbit. It shows a horizontal line with points labeled A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z. A series of vertical and diagonal lines connect these points to define the path of a planet.

Fig. 30

A geometric diagram showing a triangle with vertices and internal lines, used to demonstrate the construction of an epicycle.

A blank, aged, cream-colored page, likely an endpaper or flyleaf of a book. The page shows signs of wear, including creases and discoloration, particularly a large, faint, brownish stain in the lower half.

This image shows a single, blank page of aged paper. The paper has a warm, cream-colored tone and a slightly textured surface. There are several subtle creases and folds, particularly a prominent diagonal crease in the upper left quadrant. A large, faint, brownish stain is visible in the lower half of the page, possibly from moisture or age. The overall appearance is that of an old book's endpaper or flyleaf.

Fig. 54.

Fig. 55.

The motion of Saturn, Jupiter and Mars in respect of the Earth.

Fig. 57.

Fig. 58.

Fig. 59.

A blank, aged page with a faint circular watermark or embossed design in the center.

This image shows a blank, aged page with a light beige or cream color. In the center, there is a faint, circular watermark or embossed design. The design is a complex, symmetrical pattern, possibly a mandala or a traditional East Asian motif, featuring concentric circles and floral or geometric elements. The page shows signs of wear, including slight discoloration and a few small dark spots, particularly near the top edge. The overall texture appears slightly grainy, characteristic of old paper.

Fig. 48.

Geometric diagram showing a circle with a vertical diameter and a horizontal chord. A point is marked on the vertical diameter, and lines radiate from it to the circumference. The diagram is labeled with letters A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z.

Fig. 49.

Geometric diagram showing a large circle with a central point. Several smaller circles are positioned around it, and lines connect the center to the perimeters of these smaller circles. The diagram is labeled with letters A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z.

Fig. 50.

Geometric diagram showing a circle with a central point and several lines radiating from it to the circumference. The diagram is labeled with letters A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z.

Fig. 51.

Fig. 52.

A complex diagram of concentric circles representing the Ptolemaic model of the solar system. The Sun is at the center, surrounded by the orbits of the Moon, Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn. The outermost circle is labeled 'EQUANTUM' and 'EQUANTUM'. The diagram is labeled with letters A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z.

Fig. 53.

A diagram showing the orbits of the planets around the Sun, with the Sun at the center. The orbits are labeled with the names of the planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn. The diagram is labeled with letters A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z.

Fig. 54.

A blank, aged, cream-colored page, likely an endpaper or flyleaf of a book. The page shows signs of wear, including creases, wrinkles, and minor discoloration.

This image shows a blank, aged, cream-colored page, likely an endpaper or flyleaf from an old book. The paper has a slightly textured appearance with visible creases, wrinkles, and some minor discoloration or foxing, particularly along the edges and in the center. There is no text or other markings on the page.

Fig. 55.

Fig. 56.

Fig. 62.

Fig. 64.

Fig. 66.

Fig. 60: A diagram of the Ptolemaic system of the world. The Earth is at the center, surrounded by concentric circles for the Moon, Mercury, Venus, the Sun, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, the Firmament of Stars, the Crystalline Heaven 1, and the Crystalline Heaven 2. The outermost circle is the Primum Mobile. The diagram is labeled 'PTOLEMAIC SYSTEM' at the top. 'North' is written on the left and 'South' on the right. The Earth is labeled 'The Earth'.

Fig. 61: A diagram of the Tycho system of the world. The Earth is at the center, surrounded by concentric circles for the Moon, Mercury, Venus, the Sun, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, the Firmament of the Fixed Stars, and the Primum Mobile. The outermost circle is the Crystalline Heaven. The diagram is labeled 'TYCHONIC SYSTEM' at the top. The Earth is labeled 'The Earth'.

Plate LXXIII showing seven astronomical diagrams (Figs. 67-73) illustrating various optical instruments and their projections.

This plate contains seven diagrams illustrating various astronomical instruments and their optical properties:

Fig. 67: A large diagram showing a circular instrument with a central point and numerous radial lines. It includes a large arc on the right and a smaller arc at the top. Points are labeled with letters such as A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z.
Fig. 68: A diagram showing a lens or mirror system with light rays converging to a point. It includes a circular component on the left and a curved surface on the right.
Fig. 69: A diagram showing a lens or mirror system with light rays converging to a point. It includes a circular component on the left and a curved surface on the right.
Fig. 70: A diagram showing a lens or mirror system with light rays converging to a point. It includes a circular component on the left and a curved surface on the right.
Fig. 71: A diagram showing a lens or mirror system with light rays converging to a point. It includes a circular component on the left and a curved surface on the right.
Fig. 72: A diagram showing a lens or mirror system with light rays converging to a point. It includes a circular component on the left and a curved surface on the right.
Fig. 73: A large diagram showing a lens or mirror system with light rays converging to a point. It includes a circular component on the left and a curved surface on the right.

Fig. 63.

Fig. 67.

Fig. 65.

Fig. 71.

Fig. 70.

Fig. 69.

Fig. 68.

PLATE LXXXIV.

Fig. 74.

Geometric diagram of a circle with a vertical diameter and a horizontal chord. A smaller circle is shown to the left, with a line connecting its top to the top of the main circle.

Small geometric diagram showing a circle with a horizontal diameter and a vertical chord, with a line extending from the top to the right.

Fig. 78.

Diagram of a sphere resting on a curved line, with a vertical line passing through its center.

Fig. 84.

Diagram of a sphere with a curved line passing through it, showing a cross-section.

Fig. 77.

Diagram of a sphere resting on a curved line, similar to Fig. 78.

Fig. 83.

Fig. 72.

Geometric diagram showing a circle with a vertical diameter and a horizontal chord, with a line extending from the top to the right.

Fig. 73.

Fig. 76.

Fig. 80.

Fig. 81.

Fig. 85.

Fig. 86.

Fig. 87.

Fig. 89.

Fig. 90.

Fig. 88.

Fig. 82.

Fig. 83.

Fig. 84.

Fig. 85.

Complex geometric diagram showing multiple overlapping circles and a central figure.

A blank, aged, cream-colored page, likely an endpaper or flyleaf of a book. The page shows signs of wear, including creases and discoloration.

ASTRONOMY.

PLATE LXXXIV.

Fig. 74.

Geometric diagram of a circle with a vertical diameter and a horizontal diameter. A vertical ellipse is inscribed within the circle, touching the top and bottom points of the vertical diameter.

Fig. 75.

Geometric diagram showing two circles. The left circle has center X and points D, E, F on its circumference. The right circle is smaller and has center Y. Lines connect X to Y, X to D, X to E, X to F, Y to D, Y to E, and Y to F.

Fig. 72.

Geometric diagram showing a circle with center S and points A, B, C on its circumference. A vertical line segment connects the top of the circle to the center S. A horizontal line segment connects the center S to the right side of the circle. A curved line passes through points A, B, and C.

Fig. 76.

Diagram of a sphere with a curved line passing through it, representing a celestial path.

Fig. 76.

Fig. 77.

Fig. 78.

Fig. 79.

Fig. 80.

Diagram of a sphere with a dark, curved band or shadow passing through it.

Fig. 81.

Diagram of a sphere with a dark, V-shaped shadow or band passing through it.

Fig. 82.

Diagram of a sphere with a dark, triangular shadow or band passing through it.

Fig. 83.

Diagram of a sphere with a dark, irregular, wavy shadow or band passing through it.

Fig. 84.

Diagram of a sphere with a dark, irregular, wavy shadow or band passing through it, similar to Fig. 83.

Fig. 85.

Fig. 86.

Fig. 87.

Fig. 88.

Fig. 89.

Fig. 90.

Fig. 96.

Diagram showing a complex geometric construction with multiple overlapping circles and a central dark, irregular shape.

Fig. 91.

Fig. 92.

Fig. 93.

Fig. 94.

Fig. 95.

ASTRONOMY.

PLATE LXXI

Fig. 163.

SATURN

View of Saturn by 12" lens with a 20" focal length on 27th Oct. 1852.

Fig. 162.

A diagram showing the orbital paths of the eight planets around the Sun, with Saturn's orbit highlighted.

Fig. 161.

A diagram illustrating the orbits of Saturn's moons. It shows the Sun at the center, Saturn's orbit, and the orbits of its various moons. Lines connect the moons to their respective positions on Saturn's orbit.

Fig. 165.

view of the Fourth Satellite from the center.

JUPITER
& his Satellites

A circular diagram showing Jupiter and one of its moons, with a line indicating the distance from Jupiter to the moon.

A circular diagram showing Saturn and one of its moons, with a line indicating the distance from Saturn to the moon.

SATURN
& his Satellites

APR 1853
Distance of the Moon from the Earth.

ASTRONOMY.

PLATE LXXXI.

Fig. 97.

Fig. 103.

Fig. 99.

Fig. 98.

Fig. 100.

SATURN

Seen at Moline by M^r Lassall with a 20 feet reflector on 29^th Oct^r 1852.

Fig. 102.

Fig. 101.

JUPITER
A his Satellites.

Fig. 105.

A circular image showing a planet with a prominent equatorial ring system, viewed from an angle.

Distance of the fourth Satellite from the third.

EARTH

MOON

Distance of the Moon from the Earth.

An illustration of the planet Saturn with its ring system.

SATURN
A his Satellites

First

Second

Third

Fourth

A faint, rectangular stamp or seal impression is centered near the top of the page. It features a double-lined oval border. Inside the oval, there is a central rectangular area that appears to contain text, but the details are too faded to be legible. The entire impression is rendered in a light gray tone against the off-white background of the paper.

Fig. 39.

Neptune

THE SOLAR SYSTEM

The diagram illustrates the Solar System with the Sun at the center. The orbits of the planets are shown as concentric circles. The planets are represented by small circles on their respective orbits. The Sun is shown as a central cluster of circles. The diagram also includes a legend on the right side showing the apparent magnitudes of the Sun and the planets, and the apparent magnitudes of the primary and secondary stars of the planets.

Apparent Magnitude of the Sun
and from each Planet

Legend for apparent magnitudes of the Sun and planets.

From Mercury

From Venus

From the Earth

From Mars

From Jupiter

From Saturn

From Uranus

From Neptune

Apparent Magnitude of the Primary and Secondary Stars

Legend for apparent magnitudes of primary and secondary stars of the planets.

Saturn 3

Jupiter 2

Uranus

Neptune 1

Uranus 1

Neptune 1

Uranus 1

Neptune 1

A blank, aged, cream-colored page, likely an endpaper or flyleaf of a book. The page shows signs of wear, including faint smudges and a subtle, embossed floral pattern in the lower right corner.

This image shows a blank, aged, cream-colored page, likely an endpaper or flyleaf from an old book. The paper has a slightly textured appearance with some minor discoloration and faint smudges. In the lower right corner, there is a subtle, embossed floral pattern, possibly a stylized sunburst or starburst design. The overall tone is warm and off-white, characteristic of old paper.

Fig. 104.

Neptune

THE SOLAR SYSTEM

Apparent Magnitudes of the Sun seen from each Planet

From Large circle representing the Sun as seen from Mercury Mercury

From Medium circle representing the Sun as seen from Venus Venus

From the Small circle representing the Sun as seen from Earth Earth

From Even smaller circle representing the Sun as seen from Mars Mars

From Smallest circle representing the Sun as seen from Saturn Saturn

From Smallest circle representing the Sun as seen from Uranus Uranus

From Smallest circle representing the Sun as seen from Neptune Neptune

Proportional Magnitudes of the Primary Planets
Saturn 3

Jupiter 2

Uranus

Neptune 1

Mars 1

Earth 1

Venus 1

Mercury 1

Orbit of a Comet

Saturn

Jupiter

Uranus

Neptune

No. 100.

A faint, elongated diagram showing a cross-section of a celestial body, possibly a comet or a planet, with a central core and a surrounding atmosphere or coma.

Comet of 1861. The state of illumination.

A large, detailed diagram showing a series of curved, light-colored bands or streaks against a dark background. These bands appear to be projections or reflections, possibly representing the structure of a comet's coma or a similar astronomical phenomenon. The bands are arranged in a fan-like pattern, curving upwards and to the right.

A faint diagram showing a fan-like structure with radiating lines. It includes a horizontal scale at the bottom with markings from 0 to 10. Labels include 'Comet of 1861', 'Comet of 1861', 'Comet of 1861', and 'Comet of 1861'.

Projected by 1861 Comet's structure.

A large, faint, stylized sunburst or fan-like graphic in the center of the page.

A large, faint, stylized sunburst or fan-like graphic is centered on the page. It consists of several radiating, elongated, light-colored segments that create a fan-like shape. The background of the page is a light cream or off-white color, showing signs of aging and some minor blemishes. The graphic is rendered in a very light, almost translucent manner, making it subtle against the paper.

Fig. 106.

Diagram of the Comet of 1680 showing its nucleus and tail.

A detailed illustration of a comet, showing a central nucleus with a ring-like structure and a long, tapering tail extending to the right. The tail is composed of various shades of grey, suggesting a dense, gaseous or dusty composition.

Comet of 1680. Hist. Celeste. of Leonanir.

Diagram of the Comet of 1744 showing its tail and associated stars.

A large rectangular panel showing a dark sky with several bright, curved streaks representing the tail of a comet. Numerous stars are depicted as small white dots, some scattered across the sky and others along the comet's tail. The background is a dark gradient, lighter at the top.

Fig. 107.

Comet of 1744.

according to Cheassin.

A diagram showing a series of faint, curved lines radiating from a central point at the bottom, representing the tail of a comet. Below these lines is a horizontal scale bar. The scale is marked with numbers from 0 to 30, with major ticks every 5 units (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30). Above the scale, the text "Scale of 30 Degrees." is written.

Published by A & G Black Edinburgh

A blank, aged page with a light beige background, showing faint, illegible markings and a subtle texture.

This image shows a blank, aged page with a light beige or cream-colored background. The surface has a subtle texture and some minor discoloration or foxing, particularly towards the edges. There are no discernible markings, text, or illustrations on the page.

ASTRONOMY.

Nebula in the Sword Handle of Orion, as seen on the 1^st Feb^ry 1874.

A black and white photograph of the Sword Nebula in the constellation Orion. The nebula is a large, dark, elongated cloud of gas and dust, with a bright, glowing core at its base. A long, thin, wispy stream of gas extends from the core towards the bottom left of the frame. The background is a dark, starry sky with numerous small, bright stars visible as tiny points of light.

Fig. 100.

Geometric construction showing a triangle with internal lines and points labeled with letters.

Fig. 101.

Geometric construction showing an ellipse with internal lines and points labeled with letters.

Fig. 102.

Fig. 103.

Geometric construction showing a vertical line with a curved line above it and points labeled with letters.

Fig. 104.

Geometric construction showing a vertical line with horizontal segments and points labeled with letters.

Fig. 105.

Geometric construction showing a vertical line with intersecting lines and points labeled with letters.

Fig. 106.

Geometric construction showing a vertical line with concentric circles and points labeled with letters.

Fig. 107.

Geometric construction showing a circle with internal lines and points labeled with letters.

Fig. 108.

Fig. 109.

Fig. 110.

Fig. 109.

Fig. 110.

Fig. 111.

Fig. 112.

Fig. 113.

Fig. 114.

Fig. 115.

Fig. 116.

Fig. 119.

Fig. 118.

Fig. 117.

A blank, aged, cream-colored page, likely an endpaper or flyleaf of a book. The page shows signs of wear, including faint smudges and a small dark speck near the center.

This image shows a blank, aged, cream-colored page, likely an endpaper or flyleaf from an old book. The paper has a slightly textured appearance with some minor discoloration and faint smudges. A small, dark speck is visible near the center of the page. The left edge shows a slight shadow, suggesting it's part of a bound volume.

ASTRONOMY.

PLATE XC.

Fig. 120.

Fig. 121.

Fig. 122.

Geometric diagram of a circle with several intersecting chords and arcs, labeled Fig. 123.

Fig. 124.

Fig. 125.

Fig. 126.

Fig. 127.

Fig. 128.

Fig. 129.

Fig. 130.

Fig. 131.

Fig. 132.

ASTRONOMY.

PLATE XC.

Fig. 125.

Geometric diagram showing a circle with points A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z and various intersecting chords and arcs.

Fig. 121.

Geometric diagram showing a circular arc with points A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z and various intersecting lines.

Fig. 122.

Fig. 123.

Fig. 124.

Fig. 125.

Geometric diagram showing a semi-circle with points A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z and various intersecting lines.

Fig. 126.

Geometric diagram showing a triangle with points A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z and various intersecting lines.

Fig. 127.

Fig. 129.

Fig. 130.

Optical diagram showing a lens with points A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z and various intersecting lines.

Fig. 135.

Fig. 132.

Fig. 136.

Fig. 133.

Fig. 134.

Fig. 135.

A blank, aged page with a light beige background, showing faint, repeating circular and geometric patterns, possibly a watermark or bleed-through from the reverse side.

This image shows a blank, aged page with a light beige or cream-colored background. The surface has a subtle texture and some minor discoloration or foxing, particularly along the top edge. Faint, repeating patterns are visible across the page, which appear to be bleed-through from the reverse side. These patterns consist of large, soft-edged circles and geometric shapes, possibly floral or architectural motifs. The overall appearance is that of an old, empty page from a book or document.

ASTRONOMY.

PLATE XCI.

Projection for Edinburgh of the Annular Eclipse of the Sun 15^th May 1836.

Fig. 516.

A complex astronomical diagram showing the projection of an annular eclipse of the sun on the surface of the earth. It features a large circle representing the earth's horizon, with a smaller circle inside representing the moon's shadow. The area between the two circles is shaded, representing the annular eclipse. Numerous lines radiate from the center of the moon's shadow to the horizon, and there are numerical markings along the circumference and radial lines.

Radius of $\frac{1}{2}$ Moon 1. M.
Width of Annulus 2. 1/2
Ends of $\frac{1}{2}$ Moon 4. 7/8
Apparent size.

Projection of the Lunar Eclipse 2^d Sept 1836.

Fig. 517.

An astronomical diagram showing the projection of a lunar eclipse. It features a large circle representing the earth's horizon, with a smaller circle inside representing the moon's shadow. The area between the two circles is shaded, representing the lunar eclipse. The diagram includes various geometric lines, arcs, and numerical markings, illustrating the geometry of the eclipse.

Printed by A & C Black, Edinburgh.

This image shows a blank, aged, cream-colored page, likely an endpaper or flyleaf from an old book. The paper has a slightly textured appearance with some minor discoloration and faint creases, particularly along the left edge and bottom. There are a few small, dark spots scattered across the surface, which are characteristic of old paper. The overall tone is warm and off-white.

ASTRONOMY.

PLATE XCI.

Projection for Edinburgh of the Annular Eclipse of the Sun, 15^th May, 1836.

Fig. 136.

A complex astronomical diagram showing the projection of an annular solar eclipse for Edinburgh on May 15, 1836. The diagram features a large outer arc with degree markings (30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270, 300, 330, 360). Inside, a tilted ellipse represents the Earth's shadow, with a smaller circle representing the Moon's shadow. A horizontal line at the bottom is marked with degrees from 0 to 360. Various points are labeled with letters (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z) and numbers (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316, 317, 318, 319, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341, 342, 343, 344, 345, 346, 347, 348, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 358, 359, 360, 361, 362, 363, 364, 365, 366, 367, 368, 369, 370, 371, 372, 373, 374, 375, 376, 377, 378, 379, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384, 385, 386, 387, 388, 389, 390, 391, 392, 393, 394, 395, 396, 397, 398, 399, 400, 401, 402, 403, 404, 405, 406, 407, 408, 409, 410, 411, 412, 413, 414, 415, 416, 417, 418, 419, 420, 421, 422, 423, 424, 425, 426, 427, 428, 429, 430, 431, 432, 433, 434, 435, 436, 437, 438, 439, 440, 441, 442, 443, 444, 445, 446, 447, 448, 449, 450, 451, 452, 453, 454, 455, 456, 457, 458, 459, 460, 461, 462, 463, 464, 465, 466, 467, 468, 469, 470, 471, 472, 473, 474, 475, 476, 477, 478, 479, 480, 481, 482, 483, 484, 485, 486, 487, 488, 489, 490, 491, 492, 493, 494, 495, 496, 497, 498, 499, 500, 501, 502, 503, 504, 505, 506, 507, 508, 509, 510, 511, 512, 513, 514, 515, 516, 517, 518, 519, 520, 521, 522, 523, 524, 525, 526, 527, 528, 529, 530, 531, 532, 533, 534, 535, 536, 537, 538, 539, 540, 541, 542, 543, 544, 545, 546, 547, 548, 549, 550, 551, 552, 553, 554, 555, 556, 557, 558, 559, 560, 561, 562, 563, 564, 565, 566, 567, 568, 569, 570, 571, 572, 573, 574, 575, 576, 577, 578, 579, 580, 581, 582, 583, 584, 585, 586, 587, 588, 589, 590, 591, 592, 593, 594, 595, 596, 597, 598, 599, 600, 601, 602, 603, 604, 605, 606, 607, 608, 609, 610, 611, 612, 613, 614, 615, 616, 617, 618, 619, 620, 621, 622, 623, 624, 625, 626, 627, 628, 629, 630, 631, 632, 633, 634, 635, 636, 637, 638, 639, 640, 641, 642, 643, 644, 645, 646, 647, 648, 649, 650, 651, 652, 653, 654, 655, 656, 657, 658, 659, 660, 661, 662, 663, 664, 665, 666, 667, 668, 669, 670, 671, 672, 673, 674, 675, 676, 677, 678, 679, 680, 681, 682, 683, 684, 685, 686, 687, 688, 689, 690, 691, 692, 693, 694, 695, 696, 697, 698, 699, 700, 701, 702, 703, 704, 705, 706, 707, 708, 709, 710, 711, 712, 713, 714, 715, 716, 717, 718, 719, 720, 721, 722, 723, 724, 725, 726, 727, 728, 729, 730, 731, 732, 733, 734, 735, 736, 737, 738, 739, 740, 741, 742, 743, 744, 745, 746, 747, 748, 749, 750, 751, 752, 753, 754, 755, 756, 757, 758, 759, 760, 761, 762, 763, 764, 765, 766, 767, 768, 769, 770, 771, 772, 773, 774, 775, 776, 777, 778, 779, 780, 781, 782, 783, 784, 785, 786, 787, 788, 789, 790, 791, 792, 793, 794, 795, 796, 797, 798, 799, 800, 801, 802, 803, 804, 805, 806, 807, 808, 809, 810, 811, 812, 813, 814, 815, 816, 817, 818, 819, 820, 821, 822, 823, 824, 825, 826, 827, 828, 829, 830, 831, 832, 833, 834, 835, 836, 837, 838, 839, 840, 841, 842, 843, 844, 845, 846, 847, 848, 849, 850, 851, 852, 853, 854, 855, 856, 857, 858, 859, 860, 861, 862, 863, 864, 865, 866, 867, 868, 869, 870, 871, 872, 873, 874, 875, 876, 877, 878, 879, 880, 881, 882, 883, 884, 885, 886, 887, 888, 889, 890, 891, 892, 893, 894, 895, 896, 897, 898, 899, 900, 901, 902, 903, 904, 905, 906, 907, 908, 909, 910, 911, 912, 913, 914, 915, 916, 917, 918, 919, 920, 921, 922, 923, 924, 925, 926, 927, 928, 929, 930, 931, 932, 933, 934, 935, 936, 937, 938, 939, 940, 941, 942, 943, 944, 945, 946, 947, 948, 949, 950, 951, 952, 953, 954, 955, 956, 957, 958, 959, 960, 961, 962, 963, 964, 965, 966, 967, 968, 969, 970, 971, 972, 973, 974, 975, 976, 977, 978, 979, 980, 981, 982, 983, 984, 985, 986, 987, 988, 989, 990, 991, 992, 993, 994, 995, 996, 997, 998, 1000).

Begins at 1. 35^m P.M.
Middle of Annulus 3. 7^m
Ends at 4. 25^m
Apparent time.

Projection of the Lunar Eclipse, 2^d Sep^r 1830.

Fig. 137.

A diagram showing the projection of a lunar eclipse on September 2, 1830. It features a large outer arc with degree markings (30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270, 300, 330, 360). Inside, a large shaded semi-circle represents the Earth's shadow, with a smaller circle representing the Moon's shadow. A horizontal line at the bottom is marked with degrees from 0 to 360. Various points are labeled with letters (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z) and numbers (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316, 317, 318, 319, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341, 342, 343, 344, 345, 346, 347, 348, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 358, 359, 360, 361, 362, 363, 364, 365, 366, 367, 368, 369, 370, 371, 372, 373, 374, 375, 376, 377, 378, 379, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384, 385, 386, 387, 388, 389, 390, 391, 392, 393, 394, 395, 396, 397, 398, 399, 400, 401, 402, 403, 404, 405, 406, 407, 408, 409, 410, 411, 412, 413, 414, 415, 416, 417, 418, 419, 420, 421, 422, 423, 424, 425, 426, 427, 428, 429, 430, 431, 432, 433, 434, 435, 436, 437, 438, 439, 440, 441, 442, 443, 444, 445, 446, 447, 448, 449, 450, 451, 452, 453, 454, 455, 456, 457, 458, 459, 460, 461, 462, 463, 464, 465, 466, 467, 468, 469, 470, 471, 472, 473, 474, 475, 476, 477, 478, 479, 480, 481, 482, 483, 484, 485, 486, 487, 488, 489, 490, 491, 492, 493, 494, 495, 496, 497, 498, 499, 500, 501, 502, 503, 504, 505, 506, 507, 508, 509, 510, 511, 512, 513, 514, 515, 516, 517, 518, 519, 520, 521, 522, 523, 524, 525, 526, 527, 528, 529, 530, 531, 532, 533, 534, 535, 536, 537, 538, 539, 540, 541, 542, 543, 544, 545, 546, 547, 548, 549, 550, 551, 552, 553, 554, 555, 556, 557, 558, 559, 560, 561, 562, 563, 564, 565, 566, 567, 568, 569, 570, 571, 572, 573, 574, 575, 576, 577, 578, 579, 580, 581, 582, 583, 584, 585, 586, 587, 588, 589, 590, 591, 592, 593, 594, 595, 596, 597, 598, 599, 600, 601, 602, 603, 604, 605, 606, 607, 608, 609, 610, 611, 612, 613, 614, 615, 616, 617, 618, 619, 620, 621, 622, 623, 624, 625, 626, 627, 628, 629, 630, 631, 632, 633, 634, 635, 636, 637, 638, 639, 640, 641, 642, 643, 644, 645, 646, 647, 648, 649, 650, 651, 652, 653, 654, 655, 656, 657, 658, 659, 660, 661, 662, 663, 664, 665, 666, 667, 668, 669, 670, 671, 672, 673, 674, 675, 676, 677, 678, 679, 680, 681, 682, 683, 684, 685, 686, 687, 688, 689, 690, 691, 692, 693, 694, 695, 696, 697, 698, 699, 700, 701, 702, 703, 704, 705, 706, 707, 708, 709, 710, 711, 712, 713, 714, 715, 716, 717, 718, 719, 720, 721, 722, 723, 724, 725, 726, 727, 728, 729, 730, 731, 732, 733, 734, 735, 736, 737, 738, 739, 740, 741, 742, 743, 744, 745, 746, 747, 748, 749, 750, 751, 752, 753, 754, 755, 756, 757, 758, 759, 760, 761, 762, 763, 764, 765, 766, 767, 768, 769, 770, 771, 772, 773, 774, 775, 776, 777, 778, 779, 780, 781, 782, 783, 784, 785, 786, 787, 788, 789, 790, 791, 792, 793, 794, 795, 796, 797, 798, 799, 800, 801, 802, 803, 804, 805, 806, 807, 808, 809, 810, 811, 812, 813, 814, 815, 816, 817, 818, 819, 820, 821, 822, 823, 824, 825, 826, 827, 828, 829, 830, 831, 832, 833, 834, 835, 836, 837, 838, 839, 840, 841, 842, 843, 844, 845, 846, 847, 848, 849, 850, 851, 852, 853, 854, 855, 856, 857, 858, 859, 860, 861, 862, 863, 864, 865, 866, 867, 868, 869, 870, 871, 872, 873, 874, 875, 876, 877, 878, 879, 880, 881, 882, 883, 884, 885, 886, 887, 888, 889, 890, 891, 892, 893, 894, 895, 896, 897, 898, 899, 900, 901, 902, 903, 904, 905, 906, 907, 908, 909, 910, 911, 912, 913, 914, 915, 916, 917, 918, 919, 920, 921, 922, 923, 924, 925, 926, 927, 928, 929, 930, 931, 932, 933, 934, 935, 936, 937, 938, 939, 940, 941, 942, 943, 944, 945, 946, 947, 948, 949, 950, 951, 952, 953, 954, 955, 956, 957, 958, 959, 960, 961, 962, 963, 964, 965, 966, 967, 968, 969, 970, 971, 972, 973, 974, 975, 976, 977, 978, 979, 980, 981, 982, 983, 984, 985, 986, 987, 988, 989, 990, 991, 992, 993, 994, 995, 996, 997, 998, 1000).

ASTRONOMY.

PLATE XCII.

HORIZE TELESCOPE

A detailed technical illustration of a horizontal telescope mounted on a large, adjustable tripod base. The telescope is long and cylindrical, angled upwards. It features a large circular eyepiece on the side and a smaller one at the top. The base is made of heavy, angled metal plates with various adjustment screws and a large hand wheel for movement.

Published by T. & C. Black, Edinburgh.

A blank, aged, cream-colored page, likely an endpaper or flyleaf of a book. The page shows signs of wear, including creases, wrinkles, and a small dark smudge near the center.

This image shows a blank, aged, cream-colored page, likely an endpaper or flyleaf from an old book. The paper has a slightly textured appearance with visible creases and wrinkles, particularly along the right edge and in the center. There is a small, dark, irregular smudge or mark located near the center-right of the page. The overall color is a light beige or off-white, characteristic of old paper.

ASTRONOMY.

PLATE XCH.

DORPAT TELESCOPE

$A detailed technical illustration of a Dorpat Telescope, a large refracting telescope mounted on a complex mechanical base. The telescope is shown at an angle, with its long tube pointing upwards and to the left. The base is a sturdy, triangular structure with various adjustment mechanisms, including a large circular wheel and a smaller eyepiece. The illustration is rendered in a fine-line engraving style, showing the intricate details of the telescope's construction and its mounting system.$

Published by A. & C. Black, Edinburgh.

A blank, aged page with a light beige background, showing faint diagonal smudges and a few small dark spots.

This image shows a blank, aged page with a light beige or cream-colored background. There are several faint, diagonal smudges or stains running from the top right towards the bottom left. A few small, dark spots are scattered across the surface, likely due to foxing or dust. The texture of the paper appears slightly grainy, and there is a subtle vertical line along the right edge, possibly indicating the binding or the edge of the page.

ASTRONOMY.

Fig. 1. A detailed technical drawing of the Great American Telescope, showing its complex mechanical structure and mounting.

Fig. 1. Great American Telescope.

Fig. 2.

Fig. 3.

Fig. 4.

Fig. 4. View of the Telescope.

Fig. 5.

Fig. 5. View of the Telescope.

Fig. 6.

Plan of a Telescope.

Fig. 7.

View of a Telescope.

Fig. 8.

Measuring Chair.

A blank, aged, cream-colored page, likely an endpaper or flyleaf of a book. The page shows signs of wear, including faint smudges, discoloration, and a small tear near the top left corner.

ASTRONOMY.

TRANSIT INSTRUMENT.

Fig. 6.

A detailed technical drawing showing the front of a transit instrument. It consists of a cylindrical body with a central lens or aperture, mounted on a base with adjustment screws.

Front of eye piece.

Fig. 7.

A cross-sectional diagram of the instrument's base, showing the internal structure and the central axis.

Fig. 8.

Another cross-sectional diagram of the instrument's base, showing a different internal component or a different part of the assembly.

Section through the Transverse axis.

Fig. 3.

A cross-sectional view of the instrument's base, showing the central lens and the surrounding frame.

Fig. 4.

A cross-sectional view of the instrument's base, showing the central lens and the surrounding frame.

Section through the axis of the Telescope.

Fig. 1.

A detailed plan view of the instrument's base, showing the telescope tube, the central pivot, and the supporting structure.

Fig. 2.

A plan view of the instrument's base, showing the telescope tube, the central pivot, and the supporting structure.

Plan of a Pier.

Fig. 5.

Eye Piece.

A detailed drawing of the eye piece, showing the lens and the mechanical components that hold it in place.

Fig. 2.

A perspective drawing of the observing chair, showing the telescope tube and the chair's frame.

Observing Chair.

Back of Chair.

A drawing showing the back of the observing chair, which is a simple wooden frame.

A blank page with a light beige background, showing faint, illegible markings and a vertical line along the right edge.

This image shows a blank page with a light beige or cream-colored background. There are very faint, illegible markings scattered across the surface, which appear to be bleed-through from the reverse side of the paper. A thin, vertical line is visible along the right edge of the page, possibly indicating the binding or the edge of the document. The overall texture is slightly grainy, typical of old paper.

Fig. 2.

MURAL CIRCLE.

Fig. 1.

A faint, light-colored illustration on a cream-colored page, possibly a watermark or a very faded drawing. The central element is a circular design with radial lines, resembling a sunburst or a stylized flower. To the left, there is a faint, angular shape. Below the central circle, there are horizontal lines and some vertical structures, possibly representing a landscape or architectural elements. The overall image is very light and lacks detail.

The illustration shows a detailed technical drawing of an astronomical instrument. Figure 1 depicts a large equatorial telescope mounted on a circular base. The telescope's main tube is long and angled, with a large rectangular eyepiece at the top. A long, thin rod or cable extends from the base of the telescope to a rectangular block at the bottom. Figure 2 shows a smaller, more complex mechanical component, possibly a part of the telescope's mounting or a separate instrument. It consists of a square frame with a central vertical rod and a horizontal arm that holds two angled, rectangular plates.

Fig. 1.

FIVE-FOOT EQUATORIAL.

Fig. 2.

A blank, aged, cream-colored page, likely an endpaper or flyleaf of a book. The page shows signs of wear, including a prominent diagonal crease running from the top left towards the center, and a large, faint, circular stain or discoloration in the lower right quadrant. The paper has a slightly textured appearance with some minor blemishes and discoloration throughout.

A detailed technical illustration of a five-foot equatorial telescope. The main body of the telescope is a long, tapered cylinder mounted on a large circular base. A long, thin telescope tube extends from the front of the base. The tube is supported by a complex system of struts and a triangular frame at the rear. A long, thin rod or pointer extends from the side of the telescope tube. The entire instrument is shown from a perspective view, highlighting its mechanical components and structural design.

Fig. 1.

FIVE FEET EQUATORIAL.

Fig. 2.

A detailed technical illustration of a square-shaped component, likely a mirror or a support structure for the telescope. It consists of a square frame with a central square opening. A horizontal rod or arm extends from the center of the square opening, supported by a series of struts. At the end of the arm is a forked or Y-shaped structure, possibly a mounting bracket or a support for a lens or other optical component.

A blank, aged page with faint, illegible markings and a small square artifact in the upper right.

This image shows a blank, aged page with a light beige or cream color. There are faint, illegible markings scattered across the surface, which appear to be bleed-through from the reverse side of the paper. In the upper right quadrant, there is a small, faint square artifact, possibly a stamp or a mark. The overall texture of the paper is slightly grainy, and there are some minor discolorations and small spots, characteristic of old paper.

ASTRONOMY.

FIVE FEET EQUATORIAL

Fig. 1.

Fig. 2.

Fig. 3.
PLAN OF THE INSTRUMENT AND GUIDE CIRCLES.

Fig. 3. A top-down plan view of the astronomical instrument and its guide circles. It shows a rectangular frame with a complex internal structure of cross-braces and a large circular wheel or guide mechanism in the center.

A blank, aged page with a light beige background, showing faint, large, light brown stains or discolorations, particularly concentrated in the upper left and lower right areas.

This image shows a blank, aged page with a light beige background. There are faint, large, light brown stains or discolorations, particularly concentrated in the upper left and lower right areas. The stains appear to be water damage or natural aging of the paper. The overall texture of the paper is slightly grainy, and there are some small dark spots scattered across the surface.

ASTRONOMY.

FRONT VIEW.

A detailed black and white illustration of a large equatorial telescope. The telescope is mounted on a tall, rectangular base. The main body of the telescope is a long, tapered cylinder. At the top, there is a large circular eyepiece. Below the eyepiece, there are various adjustment mechanisms, including a large circular wheel and several smaller levers and knobs. The base of the telescope is supported by a sturdy, multi-legged stand.

Fig. 1.

FIVE FEET EQUATORIAL.

A detailed black and white illustration of the eyepiece of the telescope. It shows a cylindrical housing with a large circular lens at one end. The housing is mounted on a base with several adjustment screws and a curved scale. The illustration shows the internal structure of the eyepiece, including the lens and the mounting mechanism.

Fig. 2.

EYEPIECE.

Fig. 3.

PLAN OF IRON FRAME AND HOSE CIRCLE.

Plan view of the iron frame and hose circle.

A detailed black and white illustration showing the plan view of the telescope's iron frame and hose circle. The frame is a rectangular structure with a complex internal bracing system, including diagonal cross-braces. A large circular wheel, the hose circle, is mounted on the frame. The wheel has several spokes and is connected to a central hub. The illustration shows the top-down view of the entire assembly, highlighting the structural details and the connection to the base.

A blank, aged page with faint, large, stylized floral or geometric patterns visible through the paper.

This image shows a blank, aged page with a light beige or cream color. Faint, large, stylized floral or geometric patterns are visible through the paper, likely from the reverse side. The patterns include a central circular motif with radiating lines, and other abstract shapes that suggest floral forms. The paper has a slightly textured appearance with some minor discoloration and small dark spots, characteristic of old paper.

ASTRONOMY.

PLATE XVII.

AZIMUTH AND ALTITUDE CIRCLE.

Published by A. & F. Black, Edinburgh.

A faint, light brown pencil sketch of a circular object, possibly a lamp or a decorative element, centered on a cream-colored page.

A faint, light brown pencil sketch is centered on a cream-colored page. The sketch depicts a circular object, possibly a lamp or a decorative element, with a vertical stem or handle extending downwards from the center. The base of the object is irregular and somewhat angular. The lines are very light and appear to be a preliminary drawing or a watermark. There are some minor smudges and discolorations on the paper, particularly around the edges and near the center.

ASTRONOMY.

PLATE XCIII.

AZIMUTH AND ALTITUDE CIRCLE.

Published by A & C Black, Edinburgh.

A faint, stylized illustration of a traditional Japanese folding fan (sensu) mounted on a stand, centered on a light-colored page. The fan is circular with numerous thin, radiating ribs. It is attached to a vertical stand that has a decorative, possibly carved, base. The entire illustration is rendered in a very light, monochromatic style, appearing almost as a watermark or a faded drawing.