ATHENÆUS, a physician of Attalia in Asia Minor, the founder of the Pneumatic sect, in the first century. Some of his opinions are preserved in Aëtius, Oribasius, and Galen, from which it would appear that he attributed the movements of the heart and the pulse to a fifth element, Πνεῦμα; and therefore it would seem that he held the doctrine of a vital principle.—Le Clerc, Hist. de la Médecine.