TULA, a government of European Russia, lying between 52.53. and 54.56. N. Lat., and 35.54. and 38.50. E. Long.; and bounded on the N. by the government of Moscow, E. by Riasan, S. by Tambov and Orlov, and W. by Orlov and Kaluga. It is about 130 miles in length by 85 in average breadth, and has an area of 11,774 square miles. The surface is an extensive undulating plain, here and there traversed by low hills, and having a general inclination to the N. and E. The principal rivers are the Oka and Don, the former of which forms its northern boundary, and the latter takes its rise in this government. There are numerous smaller rivers and streams. Tula is one of the most densely populated governments of the empire, and though the soil is not naturally fertile, yet from skilful cultivation it produces abundant crops. These are chiefly corn, beans, turnips, potatoes, flax, hemp, tobacco, and mustard. Sheep, cattle, and horses are also abundantly reared. About one-sixth of the surface is covered with forests. Iron is abundant, and there are various mines of it in the neighbourhood of the capital, but it is of inferior quality, and the supply for the manufactures of the capital is chiefly imported. Some coal of very inferior quality is also found. Except in the capital, almost the only manufactures of the government are distilleries, breweries, and tanneries. Pop. (1856) 1,125,517.