TULA, the capital of the above government, and an important manufacturing town, is situated on the Upa, an affluent of the Oka, 105 miles S. of Moscow. The imperial manufactory of arms, established here by Peter the Great in 1712, is the most extensive and important in the empire. It affords employment to about 8000 men, and turns out annually from 50,000 to 70,000 muskets, besides other articles. Cutlery and hardware, mathematical and physical instruments, jewellery, leather, candles, soap, woollen and linen fabrics, are among the other manufactures of the place. Tula carries on a great trade in these articles, and is the seat of two great annual fairs. The town contains about 28 churches, 2 convents, a gymnasium, theatre, foundling hospital, prison, house of correction, and an institution called the Alexandrion for the education of children of noble families. Tula has several times suffered from fire, especially in 1834, when a large portion of its inhabitants were reduced to beggary. Pop. (1856) 50,641.