a small province of Italy, in the territory of the church, bounded on the north by the Ferrarese, on the west by the duchy of Modena, on the south by Tuscany, and on the east by Romagna. It is watered by a great number of small rivers, which render its soil the most fertile of any in Italy. Bologna is the capital, and from the great produce of the land about it is called Bologna the fat. It produces abundance of all sorts of grain and fruits; particularly muscadine grapes, which are in high esteem. Here are mines of alum and iron; and the inhabitants fabricate large quantities of linen, silk stockings, and cloth.

BOLOGNIA or BONONIAN STONE, a phosphoric substance first discovered near Bologna in Italy, whence it received its name. It has been supposed to contain some metallic matter, on account of its great specific gravity; but it is now found to be only a compound of ponderous earth and vitriolic acid. It differs, however, from the artificial barofenite in the proportion of its ingredients, the latter containing 33 parts of vitriolic acid and 67 of earth; the former 84 of earth, 13 of the most concentrated vitriolic acid, and three of water. Mr Scheffer, in the Memoirs of the Academy at Stockholm, for the year 1753, has communicated some experiments on a stone of this kind from China, which prove, that it perfectly agrees with the descriptions given in several books of a stone called petunife by the Chinese, and which is said to be used in their porcelain manufactures.