a town of Hindustan, in the province of Gundwana, twenty miles south from Bustar. Long. 82. 21. E. Lat. 19. 26. N.

JEHANABAD, a town of Hindustan, belonging to the Mahrattas, in the province of Khandesh, three miles south from Boorhanpoor. Long. 76. 21. E. Lat. 21. 18. N.

JEHENABAD, a town of Hindustan, in the province of Balhar, thirty-three miles south by west from Patna. Long. 82. 5. E. Lat. 25. 13. N.

JEHOVAH, one of the scriptural names of God, signifying the Being who is self-existent and gives existence to others. So great a veneration had the Jews for this name, that they discontinued the custom of uttering it, and hence its true pronunciation was forgotten. They called it tetragrammaton, or the name of four letters; and believed that whoever knew the true pronunciation of it could not fail to be heard by God.

JEHUNGSEAL, a small town of the Afghan territories, in the province of Mooltan, thirty miles north-east from the city of Mooltan. Long. 71. 40. E. Lat. 30. 54. N.

JEJUNUM, the second of the small guts, so called from the Latin jejenum, hungry; because it was always found empty. See ANATOMY.

JEJURRY, a Mahratta town of Hindustan, in the province of Bejaipur. This place is noted for a fine Hindu temple, built of hewn stone, and dedicated to an incarnation of Mahadeva or Siva, under the form of Khandeh Row, which he assumed to destroy an enormous giant named Minimal. The temple has very ample revenues, about L6000 annually being expended on account of the idol, for whom horses and elephants are maintained; and who, with his spouse, is washed every day in rose and Ganges water, which has to be brought a distance of 1000 miles. About 250 dancing girls are attached to the establishment, with many Brahmins, and beggars innumerable. The revenues are derived from the donations of the pious, consisting of houses, lands, and money. This is a noted place for penance; and, at a particular season of the year, a number of persons, in order to expiate their sins, undergo the penance of swinging on a kind of gibbet, suspended by hooks passed through the fleshy part of the back. Twenty-eight miles south-east from Poonah. Long. 74. 17. E. Lat. 18. 16. N.

JELASIR, a town of Hindustan, in the province of Agra, twenty-eight miles north-east from the city of Agra. Long. 78. 15. E. Lat. 27. 30. N.

JELATMA, a city of the Russian province of Tambow, the capital of a circle of the same name, on the river Oka. It is an ancient and large place, containing eight stone and two wooden churches, several public buildings, and 778 houses, with 5800 inhabitants. It has considerable manufactures of linen and sail-cloth. Long. 42. 28. E. Lat. 55. 5. N.

JELEZ, a town of the province of Orel, in Russia, the capital of a circle of the same name, on the river Alt. It is a very ancient city, containing twelve stone and two wooden churches, 1290 houses, and 7950 inhabitants. Long. 58. 33. E. Lat. 52. 38. N.

JELEZENKA, a small river in the government of Irkutsk, in Asiatic Russia, which falls into the Irtysh.

JELEZENSKAIA-CHEPOST, a port of Asiatic Russia, on the right bank of the Irtysh, in the government of Tobolsk. It contains a church and 130 houses, and is surrounded by a fertile country very carefully cultivated. It was formerly built of wood, but has since been constructed more regularly of earth. Lat. 53. 51. N.

JELISAWETGRAD, a city of Russia, in the province of Cherson, the capital of a circle of the same name. It stands on a beautiful plain on the banks of the river Ingul. It is fortified, and defended by a strong citadel. It contains 1500 houses, and 12,000 inhabitants, consisting of Jellalabad various tribes and countries, attracted by large fairs held there in the autumn. Long. 32. 22. E. Lat. 48. 30. N.

JELLALABAD, a town of Hindustan, in the province of Delhi, and district of Bareilly, forty-four miles south by east from Bareilly. Long. 79. 37. E. Lat. 27. 45. N.

JELLALABAD, a town of Afghanistan, in the province of Cabul, situated in the rich plain of Jellalabad. It was formerly of great note, and is still of considerable importance. It has a public market, and the adjacent district produces a coarse sugar. Seventy-three miles east-south-east from the city of Cabul. Long. 69. 46. E. Lat. 34. 6. N.

JELLALEAN, or Gelalens Calendar, Epoch, and Year. See CALENDAR and CHRONOLOGY.

JELLY, a form of food or medicine, prepared from the juices of ripe fruits, boiled to a proper consistence with sugar; or the strong decoctions of the horns, bones, or extremities of animals, boiled to such a degree as to be stiff and firm when cold, without the addition of any sugar.

JELPESH, a town of the province of Bengal, and district of Ringpoor, sixty-five miles north-north-west from Ringpoor. Long. 85. 25. E. Lat. 26. 30. N.

JEMAULABAD, a town and fortress in the south of India, province of Canara, which was originally called Narasingha Augady. The first, which was built by Tipoo, stands on the summit of an immense rock, which may be deemed impregnable, as it is wholly inaccessible except by one narrow way. The nature of the access to it, however, renders the approach to it in the face of an enemy nearly as difficult as the ascent; so that a very small body of men with artillery are adequate to blockade a strong garrison, which renders the place of little use, excepting as a safeguard for treasure or records. After the fort was built by Tipoo, he placed in it a khiladar or commandant, with a garrison of 400 men; and the town at that time contained 1000 houses, and carried on a considerable trade. On the invasion of Mysore, the Coorg rajah destroyed the town, and carried away half the inhabitants; the remainder made their escape into the woods, and only about twenty houses have since been rebuilt. After the fall of Serigapatam, it sustained a siege of six weeks from the British, when, being bombarded, it was taken, and, the commander having poisoned himself, his principal officers were hanged. It was afterwards surprised and taken by a band of insurgents or plunderers, when it was reduced, after a blockade of three months, and all that did not escape were summarily executed. The surrounding country is woody. Long. 75. 24. E. Lat. 13. N.

JEMAULNAIG, a town of Hindustan, in the Balaghat ceded territories, situated on the north side of the Pennar River, forty-one miles north-west from Cuddapah. Long. 78. 28. E. Lat. 14. 48. N.

JEMLAHI, a small district of Hindustan, situated between the thirtieth and thirty-first degrees of north latitude. It was formerly an independent state, but is now tributary to the rajah of Nepaul. It is said to be nearly of the same extent as that of Nepaul, but to be more contiguous to the great Himalaya ridge of mountains, and more chequered with low hills. It produces a species of rice which is adapted to the climate of northern countries. Its capital is called Chinnochin, but has not been visited by Europeans.

JEMMAPES, a large village of the Netherlands, in the province of Henegau, and circle of Mons. It stands on the river Haine, and contains 2838 inhabitants, who are busily occupied in the numerous coal-mines and the mill-stone quarries with which it abounds. It is remarkable for the decisive battle fought there in 1792, when the French, commanded by Dumouriez, defeated the Austrian army under Clairfayt, which led to the subjugation of Brussels and the rest of Flanders.