a city of the kingdom of Saxony, in the pro- vince of Lausitz. It stands on the river Mandau, near where that stream falls into the Neisse. It is on an ele- vated spot, 763 feet above the level of the sea, is surround- ed with double walls, contains eight churches, a hospital, an inn-house, 1140 houses, and in 1834 had 8508 inhabi- tants. The town is well built, has several institutions for education, and some extensive manufactures of linen and wool, large breweries, and several paper-mills.