the exterior part or skin of trees. Several kinds of barks are met with in commerce, some being used exclusively and largely in the arts, others only in medicine, and a third class as spices. The chief barks met with in commerce are oak bark, mimosa or wattle bark; larch, willow, and alder barks, all chiefly, if not entirely, used in the process of tanning; quercitron bark, used in the production of a yellow dye; cork bark, for the manufacture of corks for bottles, &c.; Peruvian or cinchona bark, cascarilla, and some other barks used in medicine. From the Peruvian bark is prepared the valuable medicine sulphate of quinine, so efficacious in the cure of agues, &c. The other barks occurring in commerce are classed under the head of spices, being the cinnamon and cassia barks. With the exception of cinnamon and cassia, barks now pay no import duty. The quantity of bark for tanners' or dyers' use imported in 1852 was 403,930 cwt. Of mimosa or wattle bark, both in its crude state and in the form of extract, we possess no certain information, the custom-house not having published separate and distinct accounts of the imports of each since 1832. In that year, however, the imports of this bark amounted to 28,410 cwt., and have been increasing since that period. Of quercitron bark, the average consumpt amounts to somewhere about 23,000 or 24,000 cwt. annually. In 1852 the quantity of cinchona bark imported amounted to 18,206 cwt., of which 10,092 were re-exported. The quantity of cork bark imported in 1850 amounted to 60,696 cwt. The quantity of cassia bark imported in 1852 amounted to 496,833 lb. It pays an import duty of 1d. per lb. The quantity of cinnamon imported into this country in 1852 amounted to 541,888 lb. Cinnamon pays a duty of 2d. per lb. In 1853 the distinctive colonial and foreign duties were equalized.

Navigation, a general name given to small ships; it is, however, peculiarly appropriated by seamen to those which carry three masts without a mizzen topsail. Our northern mariners who are trained in the coal-trade apply this distinction to a broad-stermed ship which carries no ornamental figure on the stern or prow.