CHARLES LE. See LEBRUN.

or **BRUNN**, Malte-Confad, a celebrated modern geographer, was born at Thisted in Jutland, August 12, 1775. He was originally destined for the church, but his inclination led him strongly to literature and politics. When the French Revolution broke out, he advocated the principles of it so boldly, that he attracted the attention of the Danish government, and was obliged to retire to the island of Huen, which had once been the residence of Tycho Brahe. After an exile of two years he was allowed to return to Copenhagen, where he again signalized himself by the violence of his hostility against the government. Deeming it unsafe to await the vengeance of the authorities, he fled to Hamburg, where he learned that his works had been condemned and himself formally expelled the kingdom. From Hamburg he went to Paris, where he hoped that his political views would gain the favour of the first consul. Disappointed in this expectation, he devoted himself entirely to the study of geography and history. Along with Mentelle, the most popular French geographer of the day, he published the *Geographie Mathematique, Physique, et Politique*, in 16 vols. 8vo, 1803–5. Of this work, on which his fame partly rests, he contributed one-third. In 1806 he became joint editor of the *Journal des Débats*, for which he wrote many valuable papers, afterwards collected and republished by Nacher. In 1810 he published the first volume of his *Précis de la Geographie Universelle*, the last and most valuable volume of which did not appear till 1825. The intensity of his application had, meanwhile, exercised a most injurious influence on his health, which at last rapidly gave way. He died of apoplexy, December 14, 1826. Besides the works already mentioned, he wrote many others, poetical, scientific, and political.