ioica, bryony—a native plant which was formerly used as a drastic purgative, but is now disused because of its violent effects. The root yields bryonine, an acrid vegetable alkaloid which is very poisonous.

Bryophyllum, a genus of succulent plants, which have the property of budding from the margin of their leaves. The only known species is *B. calycinum*, a native of the Moluccas.

Brzesc, a fortified town of Russia, on the right bank of the Bug, in the government of Grodno, 110 miles south of the city of that name. It has a citadel, an old castle, a famous Jewish synagogue, high school, and an active transit trade. In 1794 this was the scene of a battle between the Russians and Poles. Pop. 8000.

Brzezany, the capital of a circle of the same name in Austrian Galicia, situated on the Zlotar Lissa, 50 miles S. by E. of Lemberg. It has a castle, gymnasium, and some manufactures of linen. Pop. 7500.