the capital of an arrondissement of the same name in the department of Aude, France, situated on both sides of the river Aude, 55 miles S.E. of Toulouse. On the right bank of the river, on an elevation, stands the old city, which is connected with the new town on the opposite side by a bridge of ten arches. The city is very ancient, and retains unchanged, to a greater extent perhaps than any other in France, the aspect of a fortress of the middle ages. It is inclosed by double ramparts and towers. A portion of the inner line is attributed to the Visigoths; the rest, including the castle, seems to belong to the eleventh or twelfth century, while the outer circuit has been referred to the latter end of the thirteenth century. The new town is clean, well-built, and flourishing, the streets intersecting each other at right angles. It is surrounded by boulevards occupying the site of its ramparts, and has numerous marble fountains and planted walks. There are several large woollen factories; and not less than 7000 persons of the town and vicinity are engaged in the manufacture of cloth, chiefly exported to the Levant, Barbary, and South America. It has a new and old cathedral, the latter containing the tomb of Simon de Montfort; a town-hall, public library, hospitals, theatre, barracks, commercial college, normal school, &c. Pop. (1841) of town 18,473; of arrondissement 94,970.