a British district of Hindustan, named from its principal town, and situate within the jurisdiction of the lieutenant-governor of the north-western provinces of Bengal. It lies within the tract of country stretching from the Ganges to the Jumna, the latter river constituting its southwestern boundary, and the former its north-eastern frontier. It extends from Lat. 25° 55' to 27°, and from Long. 79° 34' to 80° 37'; is 75 miles in length from north to south, and 65 in breadth. The population has been returned at 993,031. The Ganges and the Jumna are both navigable throughout their entire course along this district; and the means of water-courage and irrigation in this part of the north-western provinces will shortly be vastly increased by the prolongation of the Ganges canal, the line of which has been laid down on the highest tract of the district with a view to its termination at the city of Cawnpore, where the canal will rejoin the parent stream. The lands of Cawnpore are fertile and highly cultivated, few spots being left to nature except those cut up by ravines. The principal crops are wheat, barley, maize, pulse, oil-seeds, sugar-cane, and potatoes. The opium poppy (recently introduced) thrives well, as does also tobacco. Cotton is an important crop, and indigo is considered indigenous. The esculent vegetables of Europe are produced in great abundance; as are also grapes, peaches, mangoes, shaddock, plantains, limes, and oranges. The district was ceded to the British government by the nawab of Oude in 1801, in commutation of the annual subsidy payable by the nawab for the maintenance of a British military force. The city of Cawnpore is situate on the right bank of the Ganges, stated to be here 500 yards wide at the season of low water. It covers an area of 690 acres, and contains about 11,000 houses, with a population of 59,000 inhabitants, exclusive of the military and the population of the cantonments. It is known as one of the principal military stations of the British in the Doab. The buildings which have been erected here for the accommodation of the troops are barracks for four hundred artillery, two regiments of European and three of native cavalry, and seven thousand native infantry, with a general hospital for the reception of the sick. The officers of every description provide their own lodgings, which consist of elegant bungalows built without any regularity, and which extend about six miles along the Ganges. Cawnpore is subject to great heats. The hot winds blow here with great violence during the months of April, May, and June; not a drop of rain then falls; and from the parched ground clouds of dust arise so thick as to obscure the sun, and to envelope the station in darkness. Cawnpore is nevertheless Caxamarca esteemed a healthy station. Bishop Heber remarks that "there are many handsome mosques, and the view of the town from the course gives quite the idea of a city:" and adds, "On the whole, it is in many respects one of the most considerable towns which I have seen in Northern India; but, being of merely modern origin, it has no fine ancient buildings to show. The European architecture is confined to works of absolute necessity only, and marked by the greatest simplicity; and few places of its size can be named where there is so absolutely nothing to see." Distant S.W. from Lucknow, 53 miles; N.W. from Calcutta, 628 miles. Lat. 26° 29', Long. 80° 25'.