r IRWAN, a fortified town of Russian Armenia, and capital of a cognominal province, is situated on the Zengui, an affluent of the Araxes, 110 miles S.S.W. of Teflis. The town is of considerable extent, but it is interspersed with numerous gardens, and a great part of it is in ruins. Pop. only about 12,000. It is defended by a citadel standing on a steep rock 600 feet in height, overhanging the river. This fortress is about 2000 yards in circumference, and contains the ancient palace of the Khans, now the residence of the governor, a fine mosque, a cannon foundry, and barracks. The town is ill built, but contains a large bazaar, a Greek and several Armenian churches, an Armenian convent, and several mosques. There is a handsome stone bridge across the river. Erivan has a considerable trade, and is a station for caravans from Teflis to Erzeroum. It has also some manufactures of cotton stuffs, leather, and earthenware, and is noted for the excellence of its fruits and melons. Erivan was taken by the Russians in 1827, and confirmed to them by treaty with Persia the following year.