a town of Bavaria, circle of Middle Franconia, near the Regnitz, eleven miles N. of Nürnberg, and on the railway between that town and Bamberg. It is surrounded by walls, and divided into an old and new town, the latter consisting of wide, straight, and well-built streets. Erlangen is noted for its university, the only Protestant one in Bavaria. This institution was founded by Frederick margrave of Bayreuth in 1743. The average attendance of students is about 350. It occupies the ancient palace of the margraves of Bayreuth, and has faculties of arts, medicine, and theology, museums of natural history, a botanic garden, and a library of upwards of 100,000 volumes. The town owes its prosperity chiefly to the French Protestant refugees, who settled here on the revocation of the edict of Nantes, and introduced various manufactures. Erlangen has manufactures of woollen and cotton goods, hosiery, hats, leather, gloves, and plate-glass. Pop. (1852) 10,910.