RICHARD, a distinguished scholar of the sixteenth century, was born at Carlisle about 1535. He received his elementary education at Eton under the celebrated Udal, and entered King's College, Cambridge, in 1548. He removed to Christ Church, Oxford, in 1555, and took his degree in arts during the following year. He began to teach in 1559, and from his great reputation for philological attainments, was chosen in 1561 first master of Merchant Tailors' School, London, then just established. For a period of twenty-five years he continued "to fill St John's College, Oxford, with excellent scholars;" and in the Latin plays acted before Queen Elizabeth and James I. at Oxford, the pupils of Mulcaster carried the palm. Fuller tells us that Mulcaster was a severe teacher, but much beloved by his pupils. After being connected for some time with St Paul's School, he was promoted to the rectory of Stanford-Rivers in Essex, where he died in 1611. Many of his panegyrics in Latin verse were prefixed to the works of his contemporaries. His works are,—Positions, wherein those Primitive Circumstances be examined which are necessarie for the training up of Children, either for Skill in their Book, or Health in their Bodie, London, 1581, 4to, which did carry him on to promise, and bind him to perform, The first Part of the Elementaries which entreatheth cheiflie of the Right Writing of our English Tong, London, 1582, 4to, a work of which Warton speaks highly; also a Catechismus Paulinus in usum Schola Paulinae conscriptus, London, 1601, written in long and short verse, and once very popular. (Warton's History of English Poetry, vol. iii., p. 282, 1840; and Wilson's History of Merchant Tailors' School, vol. i.)

MÜLHEIM-AM-RHEIN, a town of Rhenish Prussia, in the government of Cologne, and 3 miles N.E. of that town, is situated on the Rhine, which is here crossed by a suspension-bridge. It contains two churches and a synagogue. The manufactures of the place are extensive, consisting of leather, silk, cotton, candles, soap, tobacco, brandy, &c.; and there is also an active trade in corn and timber. The activity and prosperity of the town are chiefly owing to its Protestant citizens, who came hither from Cologne in the beginning of the seventeenth century. Pop. 5643.

MÜLHEIM-AM-RUHR, a town of Rhenish Prussia, in the government of Dusseldorf, is built on the Ruhr, which is here crossed by a suspension-bridge, 15 miles N.N.E. of Dusseldorf. It contains three churches and a synagogue. The manufactures are considerable, consisting of cloth, paper, soap, starch, tobacco, gunpowder, machinery, &c.; and there is a coal mine in the neighbourhood which furnishes the principal article of trade. The River Ruhr is navigable as far as this town. Pop. 10,181.