or Mülhausen, a town of France, in the department of Upper Rhine, on the Ill, 27 miles S. of Colmar, 61 miles S.S.W. of Strasburg, and 16 N.W. of Basle. It consists of an old and a new town,—the former standing on an island of the Ill, and approached by several bridges; the latter, on the right bank of that river, lying between it and the Rhine and Rhone Canal. The old town is irregularly but well built, and the streets are broad, well paved, and clean. The principal buildings are the Roman Catholic and Protestant churches, synagogue, town-hall, school, arsenal, and hospital. The new town is handsomely and regularly built; and contains an exchange, a chamber of commerce, a hall belonging to the Society of Industry, and many other fine houses. Mulhouse is one of the greatest manufacturing towns of France. The principal articles produced are muslins and cotton prints, of which probably a greater quantity is made here than in any other place in the world. This branch of manufacture was not introduced here till 1746, and has contributed very much to the great and rapid progress of the town since that time. Cotton-spinning is also extensively carried on; but in this branch the manufacturers of Mulhouse cannot compete with those of Manchester and Glasgow, and the manufacture also labours under the disadvantage of the necessity of the raw material being conveyed from Havre or Marseilles. The supply of coal is also difficult to obtain, as it has to be brought from some distance by the Rhine and Rhone Canal. The other manufactures of Mulhouse consist of woollen cloth, silk, linen, hosiery, paper, leather, beer, &c.; and the trade is considerable in the produce of the manufactures, as well as in corn, wine, brandy, raw cotton, &c. Mulhouse has a court of commerce, a chamber of manufactures, and a council of prud'hommes. It was formerly the capital of a small independent republic in alliance with the Swiss cantons, but was united to France in 1798. Mulhouse is remarkable as the birthplace of Lambert the mathematician, born in 1728. Pop. (1831) 28,142.