in Hindustan, a range of mountains in the presidency of Madras, situated between N. Lat. 11. 10. and 11. 35., E. Long. 76. 30. and 77. 10. This remarkable range is connected on its western side, where its summits bear the name of the Koondahs, with the Siadri branch of the Western Ghauts, here terminating in a southern face of lofty and perpendicular precipices, and forming the north side of the great Palghat valley or depression, which, extending east and west with a breadth of about 20 miles, affords an easy communication between the Carnatic and Malabar. The general outline of the Neilgherry group approaches to a triangle, having the side which may be regarded as the base extending nearly from N. to S., and facing Malabar; its north side extending E. and W. facing Mysore; and the remaining side extending from N.E. to S.W., towards the British district of Coimbatore. From the last-mentioned district, the Neilgherries rise in a vast precipitous mass to the height of from 5000 to 7000 feet, and the aggregate of the group is popularly divided into three ranges,—the Neddimullah on the N., the Koondah on the S., and the central or principal range, rising to the summit of Dodabetta, the highest in the group, and having an elevation of 8760 feet above the level of the sea, being the greatest in India south of the Himalaya. Owing to the great elevation of the various summits, and the consequent rarefaction of its atmosphere, the district, although distant only 11° from the equator, enjoys a climate famed for its salubrity, and the remarkable evenness of its seasons. The temperature, which falls in the coldest month of the year to the freezing point, seldom in the hottest reaches 75° in the shade. The great importance of this group lies in its sanatory stations for the re-establishment of health in those who have suffered from the heat of the climate in less elevated regions. The principal of these stations is Ootacamund, the two minor ones Coonoor and Kotagiri. This tract of territory was transferred to the British on the downfall of Tippoo Sultan in 1799. (R. Baikie's Neilgherries.)