or NONIUS, FERNANDO**, an eminent classical editor, was born in the latter half of the fourteenth century at Valladolid, and was surnamed "El Pinciano," from *Pintia*, the ancient name of his native town. Though a scion of the noble family of Guzman, and a commander of the Order of Santiago, he consecrated his life to the pursuits of polite literature. After sitting at the feet of the eminent Antonio Lebría, he studied for some time at Bologna, and returned to Spain the first Greek scholar of his age. His talents were soon employed, at the request of Cardinal Jimenes, in preparing the Latin version of the Septuagint for the Complutensian Polyglott. He was then installed by the same munificent patron of letters in the Greek chair of the newly-founded university of Alcalá de Henares. This office the force of circumstances induced him in course of time to abandon; and he was next appointed professor of rhetoric at Salamanca. It was there that those services in the cause of letters were chiefly performed which elicited the commendation of such men as Erasmus, Lipsius, and Vossius. The annotations that he published in 1536 on the works of Seneca restored the text of that author. He also produced *Observationes in Pomponium Melom*, Svo, Salamanca, 1543; and *Observationes in Loca Obscura et Depravata Historia Naturalis C. Plini*, Salamanca, 1544. At the same time, both from the academical chair and at his hospitable table, he was instructing many a young man that was destined to spread abroad the light of learning. He died in 1553, requesting that the following words might be inscribed on his tomb: *Maximum vitae bonum mors*—("The greatest blessing in life is death").

**Nunez, or Nonius, Pedro**, an eminent Portuguese mathematician, was born at Alcacer do Sal in 1492. His attainments raised him to a high rank both as a teacher and as a writer in his own peculiar science. He became preceptor to Don Henry, son of King Emmanuel, and was installed in the mathematical chair at Coimbra. He also continued to publish, till his death in 1577, the following treatises: *De Arte Navigandi; Annotationes in Theorics Planetarum Purbachii;* and *De Crepusculis*. It was in this last work that his device for subdividing the arcs of quadrants and other astronomical instruments was first promulgated. It consisted in describing within the same quadrant 45 concentric circles, and then dividing the outermost of these into 90 equal parts, the next into 89, the next into 88, and so on till the innermost, which is divided into 46. The *nonius*, as the instrument was called, was afterwards improved by others, until, in the hands of Pierre Vernier, it reached its present perfection, and received the name of the *vernier*. A collection of the works of Nufiez was published at Basle in 1592.

or KARUNDY**, a river of Western Africa, in Senegambia, flowing westward, and falling into the Atlantic in N. Lat. 10. 40., W. Long. 14. 40. Its banks are thickly wooded, and very unhealthy. Some traffic is carried on in gold, ivory, hides, &c.