nd PALLA were generic terms applied, like ἱππόν and ψάρος, to an outer garment worn by the Greeks, and occasionally by the Romans, both male and female, but so extensive in signification, that we find these words not unfrequently employed to denote a blanket or rug, rather than a "cloak" or "garment." The article so designated was a piece of cloth, always rectangular in shape and frequently square, varying in colour and material according to the rank or taste of the wearer. It was generally manufactured from wool, flax, or cotton; and certain qualifying epithets or specific designations were given to the pallium to indicate the diversity in the materials from which the cloth was made. The most graceful and convenient mode of wearing the pallium was first to pass it over the left shoulder, then to draw it behind the back and beneath the right arm, and then to throw it again over the left shoulder. A very common mode of wearing the pallium was to fasten it with a brooch over the right shoulder. It was not unfrequently, however, folded about the body, simply with the view of protecting the wearer from the cold, and without any regard to grace or convenience. Diogenes Laërtius (vi. 6, 13) informs us that the cynic Antisthenes "first doubled his pallium," a contrivance afterwards imitated by the rest of the fraternity, and especially by Diogenes, who slept and died in his one. This was the more necessary, however, in the case of those stern sages, as they, contrary to the usual custom, often went without a tunic. Socrates also adopted the practice of discarding the underclothing. The pallium worn by boys was different from that used by men; but women sometimes wore the pallium of the other sex. Where means would allow, however, the Greek ladies generally adorned their persons with pallia smaller in size, finer in texture, and more gorgeously coloured than those worn by men; although it was by no means a rare thing to see the more effeminate class of men attire themselves in the splendid pallium of the ladies. The toga among the Romans answered to the pallium among the Greeks; and so strong was the prejudice of the former nation in favour of their peculiar blanket, that they invariably regarded the adoption of the pallium by any Roman as an affectation of Grecian or foreign manners. Hence the employment of the national epithet togatus by the Romans, to distinguish themselves as the nation of the toga or gown from all other nations.

PALLIUM is the name applied in the Roman Catholic church to that peculiar vestment bestowed by the Pope upon all patriarchs and archbishops. It was formerly customary for those functionaries to make a pilgrimage to the Holy City for the purpose of receiving the pall, but other means are now adopted for delivering it to them. The material for the ecclesiastical pallium is obtained from the wool of two lambs slain on the eve of St Agnes. This symbol of the plenitude of ecclesiastical power is deposited on the tombs of St Peter and St Paul, where it is left all night. It is afterwards, when duly consecrated, laid aside by the subdeacons until demanded by those for whom it is designed, whether in person or by proxy. The modern pallium of the church is a short white cloak ornamented with a red cross, which encircles the neck and shoulders, and falls down the back. These palls are purchased from his Holiness at a very considerable sum; and no archbishop can perform the duties of his office before receiving the pallium, nor is it legitimate for him to use that of his predecessor. (See Ersch and Gruber's Encyclopaedia, article "Pallium.")