or PHIALLA, an ancient town of Arcadia, stood near the confines of Messenia, on the right bank of the small river Neda (Bazi). It is famous in history for several contests in which it maintained its liberties against the Spartans. But its chief celebrity is derived from a temple which stood about 40 stadia N.E. from the city on Mount Cotillum. That temple, a peripteral edifice of the Doric order, was erected by Ictinus, one of the architects of the Parthenon at Athens, and was dedicated to Apollo Epicurus, in gratitude for the cures effected by that god during the Peloponnesian war upon the plague-stricken citizens. The hard yellowish-brown limestone which composed its walls and roof rendered it singularly durable. In the times of Pausanias, it was considered the most perfect, with one exception, of all the temples in the Peloponnesus. It continued to remain entire long after the world had lost all knowledge of its existence. Modern scholars discovered it in a state of good preservation, standing deserted among a few aged oaks on the wild and desolate mountain-side. When the ruins were cleared away in 1812, there were found some fine sculptured representations of the contests between the Centaurs and the Lapithae, and between the Amazons and the Greeks, which are now in the British Museum.