properly GIAMBERTI, a family of distinguished architects, of whom the eldest was GIULIANO GIAMBERTI, who was born at Florence in 1443. Having been early sent, with his brother Antonio, to an ingenious carver in wood, he afterwards pronounced this profession for that of military engineer to Lorenzo de' Medici. Giuliano now resolved to pursue architecture, and had an early opportunity of displaying his skill on the cloister of the Church of Santa Maddalena de' Pazzi at Florence, which he ornamented with a row of Ionic pillars of peculiar capitals, such as were not then known. Being afterwards commissioned by Lorenzo to erect a convent near the gate of San Gallo, the architect received the title of Da San Gallo at first in jest from his master, but subsequently he adopted it, together with his whole family. Among his numerous works was a palace erected at Savona, now the convent of Santa Chiara, for his patron the Cardinal della Rovere. On the death of Bramante, he was offered the appointment of architect of St Peter's, which he was obliged to decline from growing infirmities. He died at Florence in 1517, aged seventy-four.

Antonio, brother of Giuliano, attracted by his success, likewise became an architect. Besides converting Hadrian's mausoleum at Rome into its present form of the Castle of St Angelo, and erecting several fortresses for Pope Alexander VI., he likewise built several churches, of which that of the Madonna at Montepulciano is considered the best specimen of his art. He died in 1534, and was interred beside his brother Giuliano, in the burying-ground of the Giamberti family, in the church of Santa Maria Novella.

Antonio, the most noted architect of the family of Sangallo, was a nephew, on his mother's side, to the two preceding, but whose father was Bartolomeo Picconi, a cooper of Mugello. He was born in 1484, but what precise year in the decade cannot now be ascertained. Originally a carpenter, he was subsequently led to visit Rome, whither he had been drawn by the fame of his uncles. As those noted architects left the capital shortly after his arrival, he had the good fortune to find a protector in Bramante, then a man well advanced in years. He soon drew upon himself the notice of Cardinal Farnese, afterwards Paul III., for whom he built a splendid mansion in the Campo de' Fiori, which would have been sufficient to have established his reputation. He subsequently erected numerous private palazzi, and among others his own house in the Strada Giulia, now the Palazzo Sacchetti. He was employed on military architecture for a number of years at Civita Vecchia, Parma, Piacenza, Ancona, &c.; when he was, on the death of Peruzzi, chosen sole architect for the completion of St Peter's. He modelled a design of this splendid edifice, nearly 20 English feet in length, which, although broken into a multiplicity of parts, are yet agreeably proportioned, and the tout ensemble is decidedly picturesque; but the fabric of Sangallo was entirely abandoned after his death. (See Wood's Letters of an Architect.) Sangallo's greatest work is undoubtedly the Palazzo Farnese; but he must share the fame of the design with Michelangelo, who drew the magnificent and majestic cornice which distinguishes this building from every other of the kind in Rome. The style and manner of this ancient building has been reproduced in the Reform Club-house, Pall Mall, London. Antonio Sangallo died at Terni, in the month of October 1546, leaving behind him a wide reputation of having been, according to Vasari, "a most excellent architect." (Vasari's Lives of Painters, Sculptors, and Architects, by Mrs Foster, vol. iv., 1851.)