FREDERICK ARMAND, DUKE OF, a distinguished officer, the son of Count Schomberg and a daughter of Lord Dudley, was born in 1612, but others, without any reason, adopt the year 1619. He began his military career under Frederick-Henry, Prince of Orange, and served successively under the courts of Sweden, the Netherlands, France, Portugal, Prussia, and England, with the greatest lustre. In France he was accounted second only to such men as Marshal Turenne and the Prince of Condé; and in the subsequent campaign with Spain, he humbled that country so much that it solicited a peace in 1668, and acknowledged the house of Braganza as the just heirs to the crown of Portugal. For this piece of distinguished service he received a pension of L5000 from the kingdom of Portugal, with reversion of it to his heirs. In 1678, after an unsuccessful attempt to obtain command in England, he betook himself to the Netherlands, and subsequently to France. Involved in the persecution which ensued of the French Protestants, the old soldier was compelled by the Edict of Nantes to seek refuge elsewhere. After trying Portugal and Holland, he was chosen commander-in-chief of the forces of the elector of Brandenburg. He joined the prince of Orange on his expedition to England in 1688, and was made commander-in-chief of the English forces. The following year he was made baron, earl, marquis, and duke successively, and had the honour of L100,000 voted to him by the English House of Commons. In the month of August, he was sent to Ireland to oppose the progress of the late King James II., who ranged the country with a force three times the strength of that possessed by the Duke of Schomberg. He accordingly posted himself at Dundalk, five or six miles from the hostile army, where he spent some six weeks in utter inaction, which lost him the half of his army. For this conduct he was severely blamed by some; but the subsequent battle of the Boyne, fought on the 1st July 1690, effectively wiped out any stain upon his previous conduct; but unfortunately it proved too late for the Duke of Schomberg. He was killed while gallantly leading a body of French Protestants across the river. Thus died a man who had done signal service to Protestant Europe during his long career, and who had the reputation, on his appointment to command the English forces, of being "the greatest living master of the art of war." (Macaulay's History of England, vol. iii., p. 195, 1858.)

SCHÖMBERG, or SCHENBERG, a town of Austria, Moravia, in the circle and 27 miles N.N.W. of Olmutz. It has a castle, belonging to the princes of Liechtenstein, to whose family, in 1621, the town and district was given by Ferdinand II. In the vicinity are iron-mines; and in the town, manufactories of cotton, linen, and needles; also bleach-fields, &c. Pop. 5388.