a department of France, lying between N. Lat. 43° 47' and 44° 22', E. Long. 0° 35' and 1° 58'; bounded on the N. by that of Lot, E. by Aveyron, and Tarn, S. by Haute-Garonne, and W. by Gers and Lot-et-Garonne. Length from N.E. to S.W., 64 miles; greatest breadth, 44; area, 1436 squares miles. It is a gently undulating country, with a slight slope towards the west, and is broken by no mountains, and hardly by any hills, except a few in the south and east, which give rise to several streams that water the country. As its name indicates, the department is watered principally by the rivers Garonne and Tarn, which unite within its limits; the former entering the country from Haute-Garonne, and, after traversing it for a distance of 49 miles, leaving it in a north-westerly direction; and the Tarn, flowing westwards from the department of that name, and, after receiving the Aveyron, losing itself in the Garonne. Of smaller streams in the department, the Garonne receives the Lambon, the Gimone, and the Serre; and the Tarn and Aveyron several others. The three principal rivers, Garonne, Tarn, and Aveyron, are all navigable. The geological structure of the most of the country is tertiary, but some portions towards the east consist of secondary rocks. The soil varies very considerably in different parts; in general, however, especially along the rivers' banks, it is rich and alluvial; but in some places it is so light and sandy as to be incapable of culture. The climate is variable, but, on the whole, temperate and healthy. Tarn-et-Garonne contains about 875,000 acres of arable land, 30,000 of meadows, 67,000 of vineyards, 75,000 of forests, and 27,000 of heaths, waste land, &c. The produce of corn is more than sufficient for home consumption, and wheat is the chief crop raised, though barley, oats, maize, and rye are also grown. The district between the Tarn and the Garonne comprises the best vine-growing regions in the department, and much of the wine produced here is highly esteemed. Pulse, potatoes, flax, hemp, and tobacco are also raised. Of the live stock reared in Turn-

et-Garonne, the horses and asses are of good breed, the Tarnopol sheep indifferent, and the mules are much sought after in Spain. Their numbers are about 9000 horses, 66,000 horned cattle, 260,000 sheep, 1000 goats, 40,000 pigs, and 4000 mules. The mineral wealth of the country is not great; iron, marble, building-stone, and potter's-clay exist, but are only worked to a small extent. Manufacturing industry is in an advanced state here; the chief branches carried on being the making of woollen, linen, and silk fabrics, hosiery, paper, leather, cutlery, earthenware, soap, &c. A considerable trade is carried on; and the chief articles exported are mules, fatted pigs, corn, fruits, and brandy. The capital is Montauban, and the department is divided into 3 arrondissements, 24 cantons, and 192 communes, and contained in 1856, 234,782 inhabitants.