a province of the kingdom of Naples, nearly corresponding to the ancient Campania, bounded on the N. by Abruzzo Ultra, E. by Molise and Principato Ultra, S. by Principato Citra and Naples, W. by the Mediterranean and the Papal States. Length from N.W. to S.E. 86 miles, greatest breadth, 70; area, 2505 square miles. It occupies the country between the Apennines on the north-east and the sea on the south-west, which here forms the wide gulf of Gaeta; and it consists generally of an extensive plain, broken in a few places with ridges of hills; but it may be considered as comprising five separate plains and valleys, three of which lie along the coast, and two at the foot of the mountains. The three plains along the coast are, that of Nola in the extreme S.E., almost entirely covered with elms and poplars, festooned Terranov with vines, and watered by the Lagni (anc. Clanus); the plain of Capua and Caserta in the centre, watered by the Volturno and Savone; and that of Gaeta, traversed by the Garigliano (anc. Liris). The two valleys near the mountains are those through which the upper waters of the Volturno and Garigliano flow. The hills which separate the last two, and also the plains of Gaeta and Capua, are the Massic Hills, so celebrated in ancient times for their wine. Indeed, the whole district was anciently most favoured in this respect, producing, besides the Massic, the Faerentian, Cacuban, Formian, and other wines. It is still one of the most fertile and well cultivated regions in Europe—producing, besides excellent wines, of which the most celebrated now is that called Lachryma Christi, corn, oil, fruits, flax, hemp, &c. Cattle of good breed are also reared on the pastures. The province has for its capital Caserta; and is subdivided into 5 districts, 50 arrondissements, and 236 communes. Pop. (1856) 774,525.