a city of Bavaria, formerly the capital of an ecclesiastical principality, now sequestrated; but now the chief town of a circle, and of the province of Lower Franconia, on both sides of the Main, 70 miles S.E. of Frankfort. The river is here crossed by a splendid bridge, 200 yards long, and adorned with colossal statues of the twelve apostles. The city is surrounded with walls and ditches, and defended also by the citadel of Marienberg, built on a hill 400 feet high, which overlooks the city, and commands a fine view of its numerous towers and spires. Some of the streets are broad, and lined with handsome buildings; but others are narrow and gloomy; and the whole place has an air of quaintness and antiquity, many of the houses being interesting specimens of mediaeval architecture. The most remarkable edifice is the former episcopal, now royal residence; a building of vast extent, and of some beauty, with grounds attached to it, which are laid out and preserved in good taste. The ecclesiastical edifices of the place are very numerous; and among these the cathedral occupies the first place. This building, originally dedicated in 1189, but materially altered in 1240, exhibits traces of a variety of styles, and contains little of any interest, except the monuments of the series of bishops of Würzburg. Close to the cathedral is the Neumünster church, founded in the eleventh century, and containing the tomb of St Kilian, who is said to have suffered martyrdom here in 687. The finest church in the town is that of St Mary, in the market-place, a beautiful Gothic building, with lancet windows and rich carvings. Würzburg has in all nineteen churches still used, besides many others now devoted to other purposes. The university was founded after the model of that of Bologna in 1403; and after suffering much in stormy times was renewed in 1582; and since that time it has numbered among its professors some of the most eminent men of Germany. It is now chiefly famous as a medical school, and had, in 1858-9, 45 professors and 667 students. The library contains 100,000 volumes; and there are various museums, and other scientific helps. The educational establishments of the city also comprise a gymnasium and various other schools. Of the religious establishments, the principal are Carmelite and Ursuline convents; and among the many charitable institutions, the most conspicuous is the large Julian hospital, which accommodates 600 inmates. Leather, mirrors, playing-cards, tobacco, and wool, are manufactured here; and an active trade is carried on, especially in wine and vegetables. Pop. 28,000.