the largest county in Britain, is bounded on the N. by the county of Durham, on the E. by the German Ocean, on the S. by the Humber and the counties of Lincoln, Nottingham, and Derby, on the W. by Cheshire, Lancashire, and Westmorland. It is divided into three divisions, the West, North, and East Ridings, which have existed since the days of the Saxons. Each has its own civil and military jurisdiction, and each its own lord lieutenant and public buildings. Those connected with the West Riding, consisting of clerk of the peace's office, registration of deeds' office, and house of correction, are situated at Wakefield, which may be said, for all purposes except those of the assizes, to be its county town; those of the North Riding are at Northallerton, those of the East Riding at Beverley. Formerly there was also a separate district called the City of York and Ainsty; but the Ainsty has been united by act of parliament with the Riding; York still retains its own independent jurisdiction as before. The whole county contains 5983 square miles, or 3,829,286 statute acres, with a population according to the last census of 1,797,995 persons, thus distributed:—West Riding, 1,708,026 acres, and 1,325,495 inhabitants, of whom 659,619 were males, and 665,876 females; North Riding, 1,350,121 acres, and 215,214 inhabitants, of whom 106,710 were males, and 108,504 females; East Riding, 768,419 acres, and 220,983 inhabitants, of whom 109,443 were males, and 111,540 females; and the City of York, 2720 acres, and 36,303 inhabitants, of whom 16,977 were males, and 19,326 females. Since the year 1801, so great has been the increase of manufactures, that in fifty years, the population of the West Riding had nearly trebled itself, and within the last nine years the increase has been very great.

With the general history of England, that of Yorkshire is so intimately blended, that it would be superfluous to enter more into the subject than to give a few of the more salient points. Before the time of the Roman invasion, the whole of this county formed part of the territory of the Brigantes, the most powerful of the British tribes, whose dominions extended from the Humber to the Tweed. On their final subjugation by Agricola about the year 71, we learn from Yorkshire, his son-in-law, Tacitus, that he civilized them, taught them the arts of peace, and they, in the end, became intermingled with the Romans and formed with them one people. On the withdrawal of the Roman legions from these northern parts, about the year 409, so effeminate had their sons become, that they fell an easy prey, first to the Picts, and then to the Saxons. Under the rule of the latter, almost all the vestiges of this tribe as a distinct race were lost; the language was changed, the villages received Saxon names, and little remained as landmarks of the former possessors, except the names of the rivers, mountains, and remarkable natural objects, which, to this day, retain their ancient British names. The Saxons at first called what is now Yorkshire, Deira, the country of Deer. Afterwards, they gave it the name of Eurewescire, and the city of York, Eurewic, evidently pointing to the root-of the Eure, or Ure, which, with its continuation, the Ouse (a more modern name), is the most considerable river in Yorkshire. The Saxons fought bravely against the Conqueror, but were finally subjugated, and in revenge he ravaged the country in a frightful manner: for we find in Domesday Book, that the greater part, before fruitful, was recorded as waste. After this period, the events of Yorkshire are especially those of the general history of the kingdom, and it is impossible for us to enumerate more of them than that the memorable Battle of the Standard, the great conflict between the Scots and the English, took place on Cowton Moor, near Northallerton, in the reign of Stephen; that the Pharsalia of England, the Battle of Towton-field, between the rival Roses, was fought near Tadcaster on Palm Sunday, 1461, when 40,000 Lancastrians were slain, and the fate of the House of Lancaster decided; and lastly, the Battle of Marston Moor, near York, where Prince Rupert and his army fled before the Ironsides of Cromwell, and the liberties of England were sealed. Since then, in parliamentary reform, in every act tending to promote the freedom and welfare of the nation, and in all the social arts, this county has ever been in the van.

It has been justly observed, that Yorkshire is an epitome of the whole kingdom, so varied is its surface, its climate, soil, productions, and even the manners and language of its inhabitants. The lands of Yorkshire rise in masses towards the west, where they form a portion of what has been called the English Penine chain of mountains, extending from Scotland to Derbyshire. It seems as if by some great convulsion of nature these highlands of Yorkshire had been uplifted, so that the strata, thrown out of the horizontal position, incline to the east, or south-east; and the rocks are as a rule inclined in that direction.

The West Riding may be divided into three grand districts, distinguished by peculiar features. First, The elevated lands of Craven and Dent, where the mountains of Whernside, Ingleborough, and Penyghent, rear their lofty heads. These mountains are composed of a basis of limestone, surmounted by a series of shales, limestones, and sandstone, interspersed with thin seams of coal. The prevalent character of this division is the limestone formation, and, towards the east, low-copped hills covered with excellent herbage. The district is bare in wood; it is watered by three rivers, the Aire, Wharfe, and Ribble, the two former running east to the Humber, the latter west into the Irish Sea. Second, The shelving land, reaching from about Bradford and Halifax to Doncaster. The character of this middle portion of the West Riding is varied, combining alternate hill and valley, intermingled with woods, the country inclining with gentle undulations to the east. The characteristic features of the third division is the low land forming part of the Vale of York, of rich quality, and the marshy country about Thorne and Snaith, watered by the sluggish Don and Ouse. For the greater portion of its length, the West Riding is traversed by three valleys running parallel to each other from west to east, namely, the Vales of Calder, Aire, and Wharfe, which for richness of soil and beauty of scenery have few superiors.

The North Riding is undoubtedly the most beautiful and picturesque part of the county, and a large portion of its land cannot be surpassed either for grazing or arable purposes. The general aspect of the Riding towards the west is similar to that of Craven, and presents confused masses of mountains, interspersed with secluded valleys, only the lower hills are not copped like those of Craven, but of sharper outline, for the limestone formation here has a tendency to form perpendicular "scars." The landscape, especially in Wensleydale, the Piedmont of Yorkshire, is in the lower parts rich and well wooded, whilst lofty Penhill, whose sides are fringed with hanging woods, and the sweetest of villages, rears his mighty head in the foreground. From the base of Penhill, the land stretches with gentle slope to the rich vale of Mowbray. Standing on the turrets of Richmond or Middleham Castle, the views over this tract are most extensive, and have been often praised. This wide-spreading vale, or rather campaign, is not excelled even by the far-famed Vale of Exeter, either in beauty or fertility. To the east of the Vale of Mowbray (comprising what in recent times are known as the Vales of Cleveland and York) rise the Hamilton Hills, which intersect the Riding as it were in two halves. These hills are of much lower elevation than the western ones, but still they rise to a considerable height. Behind them lies the elevated country of Cleveland, much broken in its surface; and also, to the east, a vast expanse of moorland, such as Blackmore. But on the eastern slope of these moorlands are charming little valleys of great fertility, such as Ryedale, where stands, secluded in woods, the far-famed Rievaulx Abbey. Beyond these moors lies the Vale of Pickering, where again the country opens out. Towards the River Derwent the lands become flat and marshy.

The East Riding may be divided into two tracts very dissimilar. The first consists of the Wolds, a series of hills of chalk. Until of late years, the greater part consisted of comparatively unproductive sheep-walks; but now they are mostly arable, sheltered by wood judiciously planted, and enriched by tillage, and have become a great corn-growing district. The other great tract of land is constituted of the level and marshy district running eastward from the Wolds, and forming the neck of alluvial land called Holderness; and another district named the Levels, extending from the west of the Wolds to the West Riding levels, of which, it in truth, forms a part.

Yorkshire is a county abounding in majestic, picturesque, and beautiful scenery, which is not sufficiently known to even the English tourist. The valleys of North Yorkshire, Wensleydale, and Teesdale especially, are rich in natural marvels. High Force, in the upper part of Teesdale, is considered the largest waterfall in South Britain, being 69 feet in perpendicular height, over which, at one bound, the Tees, then a considerable river, rushes, amidst high and beetling cliffs. Aygarth Force, in Wensleydale, forms, when the river Ure is flushed with floods, a sublime spectacle, surpassing, according to the testimony of the celebrated traveller, Dr Pococke, the cataracts of the Nile. Indeed, the upper portions of these two valleys are filled with waterfalls, rapids, and romantic scenery. In the eastern valleys of the North Riding—for instance, Ryedale—many lovely and interesting landscapes are to be found. Nor is the West Riding deficient in beautiful and romantic scenes. Witness the upper part of Wharfedale, in the neighbourhood of Bolton Abbey; nor in the terrible and sublime, as those can testify who have visited Kilnsey Crag, a huge overhanging rock 165 feet high, jutting out abruptly from the side of the valley of Wharfe; also Gordale Scar, a terrific chasm in the rock, and its companion, Malham Cove, Yorkshire, a noble amphitheatre of rocks rising perpendicularly 286 feet at the head of Airedale. The caves of Clapham and Ingleton also demand the attention of the tourist as remarkable caverns (the former filled with stalactites), which, in Craven as in Derbyshire, are mostly found in the limestone mountains. In short, it may fearlessly be stated that three of the northern valleys of Yorkshire, Wharfedale, Wensleydale, and Teesdale, cannot be surpassed, whether we consider the beauty and softness of features in some parts, or the sublimity and picturesque appearance of others. There are three small lakes in this county, viz., Semer Water, at the upper end of Wensleydale; Malham Tarn, at the head of Airedale; and Hornsea Mere, in the East Riding.

As before stated, the highest mountains in Yorkshire form part of the Pennine chain, viz.:—Mickle Fell, in the north-west angle of Yorkshire, rising to the height of 2600 feet, according to the observations of Professor Phillips; Whernside and Ingleborough, both near Ingleton, the former 2384 feet, and the latter 2361 feet high, according to the Ordnance Survey.

Owing to the general aspect of the country, shelving from west to east, most of the Yorkshire rivers rise in the Pennine chain, and run in an eastern direction. If we represent the quantity of water arising from springs and surface-water at 100, then about 80 parts of it run to the Humber, 13 parts direct to the German Ocean, and 7 parts into the Irish Sea. The average annual fall of rain on the whole area of Yorkshire may be estimated at 30 inches, but on the east coast it is not more than 20, whilst in the west parts it approaches to about 50. Craven is especially noticed for the quantity of rain which falls there, owing to the vapours arising from the Irish Channel being intercepted in their course and precipitated by the high range of hills; but this gives great freshness and verdure to what would otherwise be a comparatively barren country.

The rivers of Yorkshire are, to begin with the North Riding,—the Tees, which is a very picturesque river, and divides Yorkshire from Durham. It is navigable for a considerable way from its outlet (in the German Ocean), where has sprung up of late years the thriving port of Middlesborough. The Swale rises on the confines of Westmorland. Its banks are bare and uninteresting until it reaches Richmond. The Ure has its source in close proximity to the Swale, and, traversing Wensleydale, passes Ripon, and receives the Swale. At its junction with the Ouse, an insignificant river, it takes that name, and, joined by the small river Nidd, traverses York; and, after being augmented with the waters of the Aire, and forming a conjunction with the Trent, it falls into the estuary of the Humber. The Esk falls into the German Ocean at Whitby, and the Derwent into the Ouse. The rivers of the West Riding are:—The Wharfe, rising from the base of Whernside, and running through Wharfedale, passes Tadcaster, and falls into the Ouse. The Aire rises at Malham Cove, in Craven; passing down Airedale and through Leeds, it receives the Calder and falls into the Ouse. The source of the Calder is in the hills separating Yorkshire from Lancashire, and, running near Halifax and past Wakefield, it joins the Aire at Castleford. On the south of the Riding rolls the lazy Don, which rises on the Penistone Moors, passes Sheffield and Doncaster, and falls into the Aire near Snaith. Besides these West Riding rivers, there is the Ribble, which springs in Craven, and bends its way through Ribblesdale into Lancashire, where it falls into the Irish Sea. In the East Riding, the river Hull traverses the Riding from north to south.

The geology of Yorkshire would of itself form a volume; therefore, on that subject we must be brief; and select the district which is the most important in a mineralogical point Yorkshire. The West Riding has been divided into four well-defined geological divisions. 1st, The levels, or marsh lands in the vicinity of Snaith and Thorne, which rest on a stratum of red clay and sand, with gypsum intermixed. 2d, The range of magnesian limestone, which, rising from the levels, forms an extraordinary narrow ridge of dry land, of slight elevation, and runs north from Rotherham to the Tees. In some parts of its course great quantities of lime are burnt from the laminated upper part of the rock. 3d, The great coal-field of Yorkshire, which seems to have been formed in a vast estuary whose outlet was to the east, of which the strongest evidence is the thinning of the strata in that direction. In this, one of the greatest and richest coal-fields in the kingdom, extending from Bradford on the west, to Sheffield in the east, upwards of thirty miles, and running forward to Nottingham, are numerous thick seams of various quality of coal, interspersed with ironstone, some of it being among the purest produced. Vast quantities of these coals, the best and thickest seams of which are in the neighbourhood of Barnsley, Wakefield, Leeds, and Bradford, are consumed in the furnaces of the numerous iron-works of the West Riding; of late years London has received from this quarter large supplies, which are yearly increasing. In this coal-field, at its upper end, there is an excellent bed of flagstone, which is worked extensively at Bradford, Idle, and Bramley Hall; most of the causeways of London are formed of this stone. 4th, The mountain-limestone of Craven and the high ground of Netherdale. From this limestone capital lime is made, and sent in large quantities to Lancashire and the lowlands of Yorkshire. The rock, in some places, is also exceedingly rich in lead. At Grassington and Greenhow Hill the chief mines are worked. From the laminated limestone of Dent, a dark grey marble is produced. The geology of the North Riding is in the western moorlands similar to that of Craven. From the limestone a prodigious amount of lead is produced. The new lead-mines near Wensley are, in particular, exceedingly rich. Swaledale was, in the earliest times, and until recently, a great lead-mining district, but its mines are now nearly exhausted. Cleveland, of late years, has grown into fame as a mineral district, owing to the discovery of a great and prolific bed of coarse ironstone, which is worked very extensively, and the produce fused at Middlesborough, and other places. The mineralogy of the East Riding is quite unimportant.

Agriculture has within the last twenty years very much improved in this county, by means of draining, irrigation, new systems of culture, rotation of crops, and the use of artificial manures, in addition to the natural ones. With the exception of Lincolnshire and Northumberland, there are few, if any, districts, where farming is conducted upon better principles, or attended with more success. In Craven and other upper parts of the West Riding, the country is purely pastoral, with scarcely any arable land in cultivation. Vast numbers of lean cattle brought from Scotland and Ireland, to pasture upon the alluvial lands and hills of Craven, covered with a sweet and quickly fattening grass, are speedily ready for the fortnightly fairs of Skipton, where they are disposed of for consumption in Lancashire, Keighley, Bingley, Bradford, and the adjoining district. Likewise, large numbers of sheep from the north are yearly fed on Craven pastures and the western moorlands, and brought to the same market. The breed of sheep in those districts has been much improved of late by the introduction of Cheviot sheep and judicious crossing of breeds. What are called long sheep, and crosses between southdown and northern sheep, have to some extent been introduced into Craven. In the middle parts of the Riding, there is a fair proportion of arable land, but pasturage prevails. The farms are in general small, and often held at high rents by the manufacturers of the locality, not merely for farming purposes, but for their accommodation. Considerable quantities of York excellent barley is produced in that portion of the Riding called the Vale of York, extending from Pontefract to Boroughbridge, where the soil upon the magnesian limestone is light and porous. In recent years husbandry has been much improved in the West Riding by a larger growth of turnips. In the lower parts of the Riding, immense crops of potatoes of good quality are grown for the London market. The low alluvial lands to the east of the Riding grow wheat to great perfection. Most of the upper lands and dales of Yorkshire are grazing land of the best quality; and from this district vast quantities of butter and cheese are collected by factors for the great manufacturing towns, especially Leeds and Bradford, and the surrounding neighbourhood.

In the lower portions of the North Riding, stretching to and including the Vale of Cleveland, there is a large tract of excellent corn-land, the produce whereof is brought to the extensive corn-markets of Richmond, Bedale, and Leyburn, whence it is forwarded by rail to other parts of the kingdom, as well as supplying the grazing-districts of the Riding, and also much of Craven. North Yorkshire hams and bacon are celebrated for their excellence. An improved system of husbandry prevails in the low lands of North Yorkshire, and nowhere is to be found a more enterprising, intelligent, and persevering class than the farmers of that district, whether as regards breeders or tillers of the ground.

The East Riding farms are large, and consist, in a great proportion, of arable land. In no part of England has the soil been more improved, within the last few years, than in Holderness, chiefly by extensive underdraining. It is undoubtedly one of the best wheat-producing tracts in the kingdom. In the elevated lands of the Riding, the Wolds, formerly barren sheep-walks, the chalky soil, by a most judicious system of sowing clover along with the corn, and after harvest turning the land into sheep-pasture, has become firm and rich, and converted into good arable land. In the lower portions of the East and also West Ridings, a system of warping the land with the silt of the sluggish rivers of the locality prevails, and is an eminently fruitful process. The North and East Ridings are distinguished for fine breeds of horses, which are held in high repute. Buyers from the continent attend the periodical fairs at Howden and Northallerton, and purchase large numbers of these horses for the cavalry of their respective governments. The Cleveland breed for carriage-horses is especially in much request, and is spread over a large district.

Almost the whole of the manufactures of Yorkshire are confined to the West Riding, and chiefly consist of the woollen, worsted, and linen manufactures; also of the manufactures of iron and cutlery. Leeds is the principal centre and emporium of the woollen manufacture, and every Tuesday its market is crowded with manufacturers and merchants for the disposal of various kinds of woollen cloths; of late years these have attained high repute. Huddersfield is also largely engaged in manufacturing trouserings, waistcoatings, and fancy goods; whilst Dewsbury, Heckmondwike, and the surrounding neighbourhood, make great quantities of carpets, blankets, and coarse cloths. The value of the woollen goods and yarn manufactured in the West Riding may be estimated at about thirteen millions sterling. The whole value of the manufactures in England has been set down by Mr Baines, M.P., in an excellent paper read before the British Association in 1858, at about twenty millions, thus showing that about 66 per cent. of it belongs to the West Riding of Yorkshire. Even more important is the worsted manufacture, which, like that of woollen, has its chief seat in the West Riding, viz., at Bradford. The neighbouring towns of Halifax, Keighley, Bingley, Otley, and the surrounding villages, are also engaged in it as their staple business. There were, accord- Yorkshire, according to the parliamentary return of 1857, 445 worsted factories in the West Riding, possessing 12,723 horse-power, moving 1,212,587 spindles and 35,298 power-looms, and employing 78,984 persons. Mr James, in his History of the Worsted Manufacture, shows that the total value of that manufacture in Yorkshire amounts to £13,100,000, viz.—manufactured stuff pieces £10,000,000; and yarn exported and sent to Glasgow, Norwich, and Manchester, £3,100,000. Then there is the flax manufacture, largely carried on at Leeds, and also at Barnsley, which has of late years become an important branch of Yorkshire trade. Hull is also engaged in that trade. All these branches of textile art are much indebted for their immense increase to the vast quantities of iron and coal of excellent quality found in close proximity. Very large ironworks are carried on at Low Moor, Bowling, and Bierley, near Bradford, where the ironstone is of first-rate quality, and is fused by means of limestone brought from Skipton rock. There are extensive ironworks near Rotherham, Leeds, and Holmfirth, and also the Milton ironworks. In the North Riding, at Middleborough, ironworks upon a very large scale, have lately been erected for manufacturing iron from the Cleveland ironstone. Another of the distinguished manufactures of Yorkshire arises from the use of iron,—the casting, forging, and manufacturing articles therefrom. The manufactories of this class, for all kinds of implements, from a steam-engine to the smallest article, decidedly rank among the most important in this country. Sheffield is the great centre of the cutlery trade, and there are made every description of edged-tools, knives, and surgical instruments. Silver-plated goods are also manufactured there, of choice patterns; also articles from Britannia metal, and recently type-founding has been added to the numerous branches of Sheffield trade. In truth, it is impossible to give any satisfactory account of the immense and multifarious manufactures of this large thriving town. The alumworks at Whitby may also be mentioned.

Among many causes of the prosperity of this county, beyond its general fertility, its abundance of excellent coal, ironstone, and lead, may be noticed the numerous navigable rivers, canals, and railways, which intersect the country in all directions, and render the means of inter-communication easy and cheap. Likewise the excellence of its seaports has contributed to this end. Hull is the great entrepot of the West Riding, whence its manufactures are shipped abroad, and whence it derives some of the raw materials which are worked up here. For the North Riding, the ports of Scarborough and Whitby are available.

Regarding the Doric dialect of Yorkshire, on which much has been written, it is similar in the North Riding to the lowland Scotch, and like it is mainly compounded of Saxon, with a considerable intermixture of Danish. In the West Riding there are many words and modes of pronunciation which betray traces of the Flemish clothiers who settled there in the middle ages. The inhabitants, particularly those of North Yorkshire, are a vigorous race, of simple manners, and little changing with the times, whilst those of West Yorkshire are a more progressive race, largely intermixed with settlers from all quarters. Their characteristics are, much intelligence, especially in trade and manufactures, perseverance in the pursuit of gain, great hospitality, and frankness of manners, and an indomitable will.

For ecclesiastical purposes the county lies partly in the diocese of York, and partly in the recently created diocese of Ripon, and contains 613 parishes, many of them of great extent, especially those of Halifax, Bradford, Aysgarth, and Romaldkirk. By the Reform Act the representation of Yorkshire in parliament was much altered. Now the West Riding sends two members, and Leeds, Sheffield, Bradford, Halifax, Ripon, Pontefract, and Knaresborough, return each two members, but Huddersfield and Wakefield only one each. These boroughs (with the exception of Ripon, Pontefract, and Knaresborough) are according to the order in which they stand, the largest towns in the Riding; the other towns therein possessing a population of above 10,000, according to the last census, are Barnsley, Keighley, and Doncaster. The North Riding also returns two members to parliament; and Scarborough, Richmond, and Malton send two each; Whitby, Northallerton, and Thirsk one each. Scarborough and Whitby are the only towns in this Riding which have a population amounting to 10,000. The East Riding is represented by two members, and Hull and Beverley by two each. Beverley is the capital of the Riding, but Hull is the only large town in it. The city of York sends two members, making for the whole of Yorkshire thirty-seven members of parliament.

The ruins of the castles of the former baronial owners of Yorkshire are numerous; some of them are in considerable preservation, and others rendered more venerable and picturesque by the hoary hand of time. We can only enumerate the most interesting. In the West Riding, Pontefract Castle stands conspicuous, the scene of many a bloody story in our history; Conisburgh Castle, with its Norman keep, in fine preservation, is also historical, and will ever be regarded with interest by the reader of Scott. Not much remains of Knaresbrough Castle; but that little is on many accounts of deep interest: it stands on one of the most picturesque spots in Yorkshire, overhanging the sullen Nidd. Skipton Castle is still very perfect, and used as a residence. Many portions of it remain nearly in the same condition as when its owner, the Black-faced Clifford, forfeited his ill-spent life at Towton field. The North Riding, however, possesses some of the grandest specimens of the feudal residences of the great lords of Yorkshire. First and foremost stands Richmond Castle, the seat of a vast barony in the middle ages, and the capital of Richmondshire, an ancient division of Yorkshire. Perhaps the ruins of Richmond Castle are the most imposing in England. The Norman keep is certainly the finest specimen of its class in the kingdom. The castle and town of Richmond and surrounding country offer a view which, altogether, cannot be found elsewhere in England; nor, as Swinburne the traveller observes, nowhere except at New Grenada in Spain. Next in order is Middleham Castle, the heritage of Warwick the king-maker; the prison of Edward IV., and the regal court of Richard III. The ruins are magnificent, and cover a large space. At Bolton Castle, within a few miles of Middleham, Mary Queen of Scots was imprisoned, and received those attentions from the Earl of Norfolk, which cost him his life. Scarborough Castle is a majestic ruin, standing upon a high hill. Wressle Castle, in the East Riding, demands a passing notice, as being once the princely mansion of the Percies, earls of Northumberland. It was dismantled by order of parliament in 1650. Of York Castle, built it is supposed by the Conqueror to keep his northern subjects in awe, nothing of moment remains except Clifford's Tower, which is built upon a high mound.

In no quarter of the kingdom are there so many monastic ruins, nor of such grandeur. Fountain's Abbey, near Ripon, and that of Rievaulx, near Helmsley, stand preeminent in their class, and are amongst the noblest remains of antiquity. Bolton Abbey, in Wharfedale; Jervaulx Abbey, in Wensleydale; Kirkstall Abbey, in Airedale; Whitby Abbey, and St Mary's, York, are also noble specimens of architectural skill, and objects of unceasing interest to the antiquary. Yorkshire, especially the West Riding, is distinguished for the number of noblemen and gentlemen's seats which it contains. We cannot afford space for more than an enumeration of a few of the chief ones. the West Riding, Wentworth House, Earl Fitzwilliam; Harewood House, Earl of Harewood; Wortley Hall, Lord Wharncliffe; Grimston Park, Lord Londesborough; Gisburn Park, Lord Ribblesdale; Sondbeck Hall, Earl of Scarborough; Womersley Hall, Lord Hawke; Studley Park, Earl of Ripon; Stourton Hall, Lord Stourton; Methley Hall, Titus Salt, Esq., late earl of Mexborough. North Riding—Castle Howard, Earl of Carlisle; Duncombe Park, Earl of Faversham; Aske Hall, Earl of Zetland; Bolton Hall, Lord Bolton; Mulgrave Castle, Marquis of Normanby. In the East Riding—Escreick Park, Lord Wenlock. Most of these seats are of great architectural beauty, and are surrounded by extensive parks and the wide domains of their owners.

(J.J.)