Cornwall, Ontario (1861 census)
Cornwall was a census subdivision in Ontario, recorded in the 1861 Census of Canada with a population of 5,000. The administrative centroid was at approximately 45.085°N, 74.813°W.
Population
In 1861, Cornwall had a population of 5,000: 2,584 male and 2,416 female residents.
Population trajectory across census years
| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 1851 | 4,707 |
| 1861 | 5,000 |
| 1871 | 5,081 |
| 1881 | 5,436 |
| 1891 | 6,790 |
| 1901 | 6,911 |
| 1911 | 6,074 |
| 1921 | 6,631 |
Cross-year identity established by spatial polygon overlap (SAME_AS chains across the Canadian Census Subdivision boundary files).
Neighbouring Census Subdivisions in 1861
In the 1861 census, Cornwall shared boundaries with:
Full census record, 1861
The 1861 census recorded 193 measurements for this Census Subdivision across 7 categories.
Population & families (1861). This community's record includes 5,000 total population, 2,584 males, 2,416 females, Male members of the family who are present: 2,394, Female members of the family who are present: 2,289, 1,840 single males, 1,605 single females, 692 married males, 674 married females, 513 males attending school, 414 females attending school, Males present who are not members of the family: 190, 162 adult females unable to read or write, 137 widowed females, Females present who are not members of the family: 127, 122 adult males unable to read or write, 76 male births, 68 female births, 52 widowed males, 5 deaf and dumb females, 4 lunatic females, 3 blind males, 3 deaf and dumb males, 3 persons at sea, 2 lunatic males. (Source: 1861 Census of Canada, V1T1; V1T5.)
Age structure (1861). This community's record includes 363 single males aged 10 to 15, 355 males aged 5 to 10, 331 single females aged 10 to 15, 310 females aged 5 to 10, 305 single males aged 15 to 20, 300 single males aged 20 to 30, 280 single females aged 15 to 20, 243 single females aged 20 to 30, 189 married females aged 30 to 40, 185 married males aged 30 to 40, 182 married females aged 20 to 30, 156 married males aged 40 to 50, 125 married females aged 40 to 50, 111 married males aged 20 to 30, 101 married males aged 60 to 70, 96 married males aged 50 to 60, 94 married females aged 50 to 60, 87 males aged 3 to 4, 86 males aged 4 to 5, 78 females aged 1 to 2, 76 males aged 2 to 3, 73 females aged 2 to 3, 72 males aged 1 to 2, 61 females age 3 to 4, 60 single females aged 30 to 40, 59 single males aged 30 to 40, 56 married females aged 60 to 70, 50 females aged 4 to 5, 32 widowed females aged 50 to 60, 31 married males aged 70 to 80, 29 single males aged 40 to 50, 26 widowed females aged 60 to 70, 26 widowed females aged 70 to 80, 22 single males aged 50 to 60, 20 widowed females aged 40 to 50, 17 single females aged 60 to 70, 17 widowed females aged 30 to 40, 17 widowed males aged 60 to 70, 16 married females aged 70 to 80, 15 single females aged 40 to 50, 12 widowed females aged 80 to 90, 10 married females aged 15 to 20, 10 married males aged 80 to 90, 10 single females aged 50 to 60, 10 widowed males aged 70 to 80, 9 widowed males aged 40 to 50, 8 single males aged 60 to 70, 8 widowed males aged 50 to 60, 6 widowed males aged 80 to 90, 4 females of unknown age, 4 single females aged 70 to 80, 2 males of unknown age, 2 married males aged 90 to 100, 2 widowed females aged 20 to 30, 2 widowed females aged 90 to 100, 1 married females aged 80 to 90, 1 single females aged 80 to 90, 1 widowed males aged 20 to 30, 1 widowed males aged 30 to 40. (Source: 1861 Census of Canada, V1T5.) The 1861 enumerator also recorded 1 married females aged 10 to 15 — single-county tallies of limited cross-year comparability.
Ethnic origin (1861). This community's record includes 3,878 persons native to Canada, not of French origin, 354 French Canadians, 281 persons originating in Ireland, 216 persons originating in Scotland, 116 persons originating in the United States, 101 persons whose origin is unknown, 34 persons originating in England or Wales, 12 persons originating in Nova Scotia or Prince Edward Island, 8 female negroes or coloured persons, 8 male negroes or coloured persons, 2 persons originating in Newfoundland, 1 persons originating in France, 1 persons originating in New Brunswick, 1 persons originating in Spain or Portugal. (Source: 1861 Census of Canada, V1T1; V1T5.)
Agriculture (1861). This community's record includes $846,208 value farms (dollars), $171,109 value all livestock, 141,466 pounds of homemade butter, 114,559 bushels of oats, $77,812 value horses aged over 3 years, 58,648 pounds of maple sugar, 57,203 acres of land in farms, 51,678 bushels of potatoes, $49,294 value farm implements in dollars, 35,208 bushels of spring wheat, 29,572 acres of farmland in woodland or forest, 27,631 acres of farmland under cultivation, 15,557 acres of farmland in pasture, 15,016 pounds of wool produced on farms, 14,374 bushels of peas, 11,877 acres of farmland under crops, 10,993 bushels of buckwheat, 9,991 bushels of corn, 8,367 pounds of cheese produced on farms, 5,140 sheep, 4,930 bushels of barley, 4,726 bushels of winter wheat, 4,514 tons of hay, 4,259 acres of oats, 3,113 bushels of carrots, 2,663 acres of spring wheat, 2,467 milk cows, 2,104 swine, 1,913 calves and heifers, 1,630 bushels of mangel wurtzel, $1,549 value garden and orchard crops, 1,412 horses aged over 3 years, 1,150 barrels of pork, 919 acres of peas, 850 gallons of cider, 681 horses aged 3 years and under, 605 bushels of turnips, 534 barrels of beef, 534 occupants of farms, 526 acres of potatoes, 499 acres of buckwheat, 408 acres of corn, 316 acres of winter wheat, 288 persons living on farms between 50 and 100 acres, 227 acres of barley, 197 acres of farmland in gardens, 104 bushels of rye, 104 persons living on farms between 100 and 200 acres, 95 acres of farmland held by townspeople who are not farmers, 85 persons living on farms between 20 and 50 acres, 74 bushels of beans, 55 bulls, oxen, or steers, 53 bushels of clover, timothy, or other grass seed, 27 persons living on farms over 200 acres, 20 persons living on farms under 10 acres, 20 pounds of flax or hemp, 10 persons living on farms between 10 and 20 acres, 5 acres of mangel wurtzel, 5 acres of rye, 4 acres of turnips. (Source: 1861 Census of Canada, V2T11.)
Manufacturing & industry (1861). This community's record includes 5,059 yards of flannel, 3,572 yards of fulled cloth, $1,409 value carriages for pleasure (dollars), 376 carriages for pleasure, 67 yards of linen. (Source: 1861 Census of Canada, V2T11.)
Fisheries (1861). This community's record includes 4,200 pounds of fresh fish sold. (Source: 1861 Census of Canada, V2T11.)
Deaths & mortality (1861). This community's record includes 41 total number of deaths, Deaths in the past year among females of all ages: 21, Deaths in the past year among males of all ages: 20, Deaths in the past year among females under age 1: 5, Deaths in the past year among males aged 40 to 50: 4, Deaths in the past year among females aged 20 to 30: 3, Deaths in the past year among males aged 20 to 30: 3, Deaths in the past year among males under age 1: 3, Deaths in the past year among females aged 10 to 15: 2, Deaths in the past year among females aged 50 to 60: 2, Deaths in the past year among females of unknown age: 2, Deaths in the past year among males aged 15 to 20: 2, Deaths in the past year among females aged 2 to 3: 1, Deaths in the past year among females aged 3 to 4: 1, Deaths in the past year among females aged 5 to 10: 1, Deaths in the past year among females aged 60 to 70: 1, Deaths in the past year among females aged 70 to 80: 1, Deaths in the past year among females aged 80 to 90: 1, Deaths in the past year among females aged 90 to 100: 1, Deaths in the past year among males age 3 to 4: 1, Deaths in the past year among males aged 2 to 3: 1, Deaths in the past year among males aged 30 to 40: 1, Deaths in the past year among males aged 4 to 5: 1, Deaths in the past year among males aged 5 to 10: 1, Deaths in the past year among males aged 50 to 60: 1, Deaths in the past year among males aged 60 to 70: 1, Deaths in the past year among males aged 70 to 80: 1, Deaths in the past year among males aged 80 to 90: 1. (Source: 1861 Census of Canada, V1T5.)
People with Dictionary of Canadian Biography entries
The Dictionary of Canadian Biography includes biographies of 1 person connected to this place who were alive in 1861, listed below by birth year. Each name links to that person's DCB entry.
| Name | Lifespan | Connection |
|---|---|---|
| Simon Fraser | 1776–1862 | died here |
Identifiers
- TCP UID:
ON099002— year-scoped identifier from the Canadian Census Subdivision boundary file - Persistent place ID:
PLACE_ON145001— computed from spatial-overlap chains across census years - Wikidata: not yet grounded. This page covers a place whose persistent identity has not yet been linked to a Wikidata entity. Identification is via TCP UID and spatial polygon only.
Sources
Census tabulations from the 1861 Census of Canada, transcribed and georeferenced by the Canadian Peoples / TCP project, hosted at the HGIS Lab, University of Saskatchewan. Persistent place identity computed from spatial-overlap chains across all available census years (1851–1921). Identity grounding to Wikidata performed via the HGIS Canada Knowledge Graph project's MCP-assisted disambiguation pipeline. See the About / Methodology page for the full data pipeline.
Cite this page
Clifford, J. (2026). "Cornwall, Ontario (1861 census)" in HGIS Canada Knowledge Graph. Retrieved from https://jimclifford.ca/hgiscanada/places/on/cornwall-on099002-1861/.