Crowland, Ontario (1851 census)
Crowland was a census subdivision in Welland County, Ontario, recorded in the 1851 Census of Canada with a population of 1,478. The administrative centroid was at approximately 42.998°N, 79.187°W.
Population
In 1851, Crowland had a population of 1,478: 789 male and 689 female residents. Population density was 40.7 people per square mile.
Population trajectory across census years
| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 1851 | 1,478 |
| 1861 | 1,457 |
| 1871 | 1,317 |
| 1881 | 1,318 |
| 1891 | 1,107 |
| 1901 | 1,010 |
| 1911 | 1,667 |
| 1921 | 3,826 |
Cross-year identity established by spatial polygon overlap (SAME_AS chains across the Canadian Census Subdivision boundary files).
Boundary continuity (non-identical overlaps)
Spatial polygon overlaps with adjacent census years where the boundary shifted enough that the SAME_AS chain didn't merge them. These show where the territory came from and went to even when it isn't tracked as the same persistent place.
Later boundary forms
- In a later year, this CSD contained Crowland, 1861 (92.0% of this CSD's polygon).
Neighbouring Census Subdivisions in 1851
In the 1851 census, Crowland shared boundaries with:
Full census record, 1851
The 1851 census recorded 351 measurements for this Census Subdivision across 7 categories. Tables below are collapsible.
Population & families (27 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| C10 FAM NO | 266 |
| Female members of the family who are absent | 6 |
| Female members of the family who are present | 636 |
| Females present who are not members of the family | 53 |
| Male members of the family who are present | 686 |
| Male members of the family who are present | 9 |
| Males present who are not members of the family | 103 |
| Number of families | 266 |
| Number of female births in the past year | 29 |
| Number of females | 689 |
| Number of females attending school | 154 |
| Number of lunatic females | 2 |
| Number of lunatic males | 2 |
| Number of male births in the past year | 28 |
| Number of males | 789 |
| Number of males attending school | 197 |
| Number of married females | 236 |
| Number of married males | 238 |
| Number of single females | 416 |
| Number of single males | 536 |
| Number of widowed females | 37 |
| Number of widowed males | 15 |
| POP | 1,478 |
| POP FX N.1 | 689 |
| POP MX N.1 | 789 |
| POP XX N.1 | 1,478 |
| Total population | 1,478 |
Age structure (55 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Number of females age 3 to 4 | 20 |
| Number of females aged 1 to 2 | 24 |
| Number of females aged 2 to 3 | 25 |
| Number of females aged 4 to 5 | 17 |
| Number of females aged 5 to 10 | 93 |
| Number of females under age 1 | 25 |
| Number of males aged 1 to 2 | 30 |
| Number of males aged 2 to 3 | 26 |
| Number of males aged 3 to 4 | 17 |
| Number of males aged 4 to 5 | 32 |
| Number of males aged 5 to 10 | 99 |
| Number of males under age 1 | 24 |
| Number of married females aged 15 to 20 | 12 |
| Number of married females aged 20 to 30 | 88 |
| Number of married females aged 30 to 40 | 68 |
| Number of married females aged 40 to 50 | 43 |
| Number of married females aged 50 to 60 | 17 |
| Number of married females aged 60 to 70 | 5 |
| Number of married females aged 70 to 80 | 2 |
| Number of married females aged 80 to 90 | 1 |
| Number of married males aged 15 to 20 | 1 |
| Number of married males aged 20 to 30 | 62 |
| Number of married males aged 30 to 40 | 69 |
| Number of married males aged 40 to 50 | 62 |
| Number of married males aged 50 to 60 | 30 |
| Number of married males aged 60 to 70 | 9 |
| Number of married males aged 70 to 80 | 4 |
| Number of married males aged 80 to 90 | 1 |
| Number of single females aged 10 to 15 | 86 |
| Number of single females aged 15 to 20 | 82 |
| Number of single females aged 20 to 30 | 33 |
| Number of single females aged 30 to 40 | 6 |
| Number of single females aged 40 to 50 | 2 |
| Number of single females aged 50 to 60 | 2 |
| Number of single females aged 60 to 70 | 1 |
| Number of single males aged 10 to 15 | 112 |
| Number of single males aged 15 to 20 | 77 |
| Number of single males aged 20 to 30 | 94 |
| Number of single males aged 30 to 40 | 18 |
| Number of single males aged 40 to 50 | 5 |
| Number of single males aged 50 to 60 | 1 |
| Number of single males aged 60 to 70 | 1 |
| Number of widowed females aged 20 to 30 | 2 |
| Number of widowed females aged 30 to 40 | 6 |
| Number of widowed females aged 40 to 50 | 5 |
| Number of widowed females aged 50 to 60 | 13 |
| Number of widowed females aged 60 to 70 | 6 |
| Number of widowed females aged 70 to 80 | 3 |
| Number of widowed females aged 80 to 90 | 2 |
| Number of widowed males aged 30 to 40 | 5 |
| Number of widowed males aged 40 to 50 | 3 |
| Number of widowed males aged 50 to 60 | 1 |
| Number of widowed males aged 60 to 70 | 3 |
| Number of widowed males aged 70 to 80 | 2 |
| Number of widowed males aged 80 to 90 | 1 |
Ethnic origin (8 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Number of persons native to Canada, not of French origin | 1,096 |
| Number of persons originating in England or Wales | 37 |
| Number of persons originating in France | 6 |
| Number of persons originating in Germany or Holland | 15 |
| Number of persons originating in Ireland | 124 |
| Number of persons originating in Nova Scotia or Prince Edward Island | 5 |
| Number of persons originating in Scotland | 62 |
| Number of persons originating in the United States | 133 |
Agriculture (69 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Acres of barley | 139 |
| Acres of buckwheat | 180 |
| Acres of corn | 135 |
| Acres of farmland in gardens or orchards | 229 |
| Acres of farmland in pasture | 4,638 |
| Acres of farmland in woodland or forest | 8,259 |
| Acres of farmland under crops | 3,476 |
| Acres of farmland under cultivation | 8,343 |
| Acres of land in farms | 16,602 |
| Acres of oats | 941 |
| Acres of peas | 141 |
| Acres of potatoes | 63 |
| Acres of turnips | 7 |
| Acres of wheat | 1,818 |
| BAR AC | 139 |
| BAR BU | 2,845 |
| Barrels of beef produced in the past year | 164 |
| Barrels of pork produced in the past year | 472 |
| BEEF BAR | 164 |
| Bushels of barley produced in the past year | 2,845 |
| Bushels of beans produced in the past year | 20 |
| Bushels of buckwheat produced in the past year | 3,639 |
| Bushels of carrots produced in the past year | 56 |
| Bushels of clover, timothy, or other grass seed produced in the past year | 252 |
| Bushels of corn produced in the past year | 3,550 |
| Bushels of mangel wurtzel produced in the past year | 8 |
| Bushels of oats produced in the past year | 32,482 |
| Bushels of peas produced in the past year | 1,256 |
| Bushels of potatoes produced in the past year | 3,075 |
| Bushels of turnips produced in the past year | 526 |
| Bushels of wheat produced in the past year | 24,901 |
| BWT AC | 180 |
| BWT BU | 3,639 |
| CRN AC | 135 |
| CRN BU | 3,550 |
| Gallons of cider produced in the past year | 7,726 |
| HAY TONS | 1,642 |
| Number of bulls, oxen, or steers | 251 |
| Number of calves and heifers | 433 |
| Number of horses | 510 |
| Number of milk cows | 591 |
| Number of occupants of farms | 197 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 10 and 20 acres | 4 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 100 and 200 acres | 29 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 20 and 50 acres | 49 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 50 and 100 acres | 79 |
| Number of persons living on farms over 200 acres | 8 |
| Number of persons living on farms under 10 acres | 28 |
| Number of sheep | 2,539 |
| Number of swine | 919 |
| OAT AC | 941 |
| OAT BU | 32,482 |
| PEA AC | 141 |
| PEA BU | 1,256 |
| PORK BAR | 472 |
| POT AC | 63 |
| POT BU | 3,075 |
| Pounds of cheese produced on farms in the past year | 1,692 |
| Pounds of flax or hemp produced in the past year | 70 |
| Pounds of homemade butter | 36,217 |
| Pounds of hops produced in the past year | 17 |
| Pounds of maple sugar produced in the past year | 3,378 |
| Pounds of tobacco produced in the past year | 35 |
| Pounds of wool produced on farms in the past year | 6,920 |
| TOB LBS | 35 |
| Tons of hay produced in the past year | 1,642 |
| WHT AC | 1,818 |
| WHT BU | 24,901 |
| WOOL LBS | 6,920 |
Manufacturing & industry (28 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Barrels of flour produced per year by grist mills reporting annual production | 11,000 |
| Gallons of beer produced in breweries in the past year | 1,040 |
| Number of breweries | 1 |
| Number of breweries reporting | 1 |
| Number of breweries returning capital | 750 |
| Number of carding and fulling mills | 1 |
| Number of carding and fulling mills reporting | 1 |
| Number of carding and fulling mills returning capital | 250 |
| Number of employees in grist mills | 5 |
| Number of employees in saw mills | 3 |
| Number of grist mills | 2 |
| Number of grist mills powered by water | 2 |
| Number of grist mills reporting annual production | 2 |
| Number of grist mills returning capital | 2 |
| Number of saw mills | 1 |
| Number of saw mills powered by water | 1 |
| Number of saw mills reporting value of annual production or rent | 1 |
| Number of saw mills returning capital | 1 |
| Number of tanneries | 1 |
| Number of tanneries reporting | 1 |
| Number of tanneries returning capital | 100 |
| Pounds of wool produced in carding and fulling mills in the past year | 10,000 |
| Value of annual production or rent from saw mills (pounds sterling) | 400 |
| Value of capital returned by grist mills (pounds sterling) | 1,550 |
| Value of capital returned by saw mills (pounds sterling) | 100 |
| Yards of flannel produced in the past year | 2,791 |
| Yards of fulled cloth produced in the past year | 733 |
| Yards of linen produced in the past year | 50 |
Deaths & mortality (8 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 20 to 30 | 2 |
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 30 to 40 | 2 |
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 4 to 5 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 50 to 60 | 6 |
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 70 to 80 | 2 |
| Deaths in the past year among females of all ages | 14 |
| Deaths in the past year among males under age 1 | 1 |
| Total number of deaths in the past year | 14 |
Other recorded variables (156 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| B LBS | 36,217 |
| BEN BU | 20 |
| BOV | 251 |
| C H | 433 |
| C LBS | 1,692 |
| C01 GM NO MILLS | 2 |
| C01 SEX MALE | 789 |
| C02 SEX FEM | 689 |
| C03 GM WATER | 2 |
| C03 TOTAL | 1,478 |
| C04 GM NO YEAR | 2 |
| C04 MEM OF FAM M | 686 |
| C05 GM BARRELS YEAR | 11,000 |
| C05 MEM OF FAM F | 636 |
| C06 NOT MEM OF FAM M | 103 |
| C07 NOT MEM OF FAM F | 53 |
| C08 MEM OF FAM ABSENT M | 9 |
| C09 MEM OF FAM ABSENT F | 6 |
| C100 BTWN 80 AND 90 M WID | 1 |
| C101 BTWN 80 AND 90 F MD | 1 |
| C103 BTWN 80 AND 90 F WID | 2 |
| C12 BIRTHS M | 28 |
| C12 GM CAP NO | 2 |
| C126 MD MALE | 238 |
| C127 S MALE | 536 |
| C128 WID MALE | 15 |
| C129 TOT MALE | 789 |
| C13 BIRTHS F | 29 |
| C13 GM CAP P | 1,550 |
| C130 MD FEM | 236 |
| C131 S FEM | 416 |
| C132 WID FEM | 37 |
| C133 TOT FEM | 689 |
| C134 GRAND TOT | 1,478 |
| C136 DEATHS F | 14 |
| C137 DEATHS TOT | 14 |
| C14 GM HANDS | 5 |
| C14 UNDER 1 M | 24 |
| C143 ATTND SCHOOL M | 197 |
| C144 ATTND SCHOOL F | 154 |
| C149 LUNATICS M | 2 |
| C15 UNDER 1 F | 25 |
| C150 LUNATICS F | 2 |
| C16 DEATHS UNDER 1 M | 1 |
| C16 SM NO | 1 |
| C18 SM WATER | 1 |
| C18 UNDER 2 M | 30 |
| C19 UNDER 2 F | 24 |
| C22 UNDER 3 M | 26 |
| C23 UNDER 3 F | 25 |
| C26 SM ANNUAL NO | 1 |
| C26 UNDER 4 M | 17 |
| C27 SM ANNUAL P | 400 |
| C27 UNDER 4 F | 20 |
| C28 SM RETURNS NO | 1 |
| C29 SM RETURNS P | 100 |
| C30 SM EMPLOYED | 3 |
| C30 UNDER 5 M | 32 |
| C31 UNDER 5 F | 17 |
| C32 CFM NO | 1 |
| C33 CFM RETURNS | 1 |
| C33 DEATHS UNDER 5 F | 1 |
| C34 BTWN 5 AND 10 M | 99 |
| C34 CFM CAPITAL | 250 |
| C35 BTWN 5 AND 10 F | 93 |
| C35 CFM WOOL | 10,000 |
| C39 BTWN 10 AND 15 M S | 112 |
| C41 BTWN 10 AND 15 F S | 86 |
| C44 BTWN 15 AND 20 M MD | 1 |
| C45 BTWN 15 AND 20 M S | 77 |
| C46 BTWN 15 AND 20 F MD | 12 |
| C47 BTWN 15 AND 20 F S | 82 |
| C50 BTWN 20 AND 30 M MD | 62 |
| C51 BTWN 20 AND 30 M S | 94 |
| C52 TAN NO | 1 |
| C53 BTWN 20 AND 30 F MD | 88 |
| C53 TAN RETURNS | 1 |
| C54 BTWN 20 AND 30 F S | 33 |
| C54 TAN CAPITAL | 100 |
| C55 BTWN 20 AND 30 F WID | 2 |
| C57 BTWN 20 AND 30 F DEATHS | 2 |
| C58 BTWN 30 AND 40 M MD | 69 |
| C59 BTWN 30 AND 40 M S | 18 |
| C60 BTWN 30 AND 40 M WID | 5 |
| C61 BTWN 30 AND 40 F MD | 68 |
| C62 BTWN 30 AND 40 F S | 6 |
| C63 BTWN 30 AND 40 F WID | 6 |
| C64 BREW NO | 1 |
| C65 BREW RETURNS | 1 |
| C65 BTWN 30 AND 40 F DEATHS | 2 |
| C66 BREW CAPITAL | 750 |
| C66 BTWN 40 AND 50 M MD | 62 |
| C67 BREW PRODUCE | 1,040 |
| C67 BTWN 40 AND 50 M S | 5 |
| C68 BTWN 40 AND 50 M WID | 3 |
| C69 BTWN 40 AND 50 F MD | 43 |
| C70 BTWN 40 AND 50 F S | 2 |
| C71 BTWN 40 AND 50 F WID | 5 |
| C74 BTWN 50 AND 60 M MD | 30 |
| C75 BTWN 50 AND 60 M S | 1 |
| C76 BTWN 50 AND 60 M WID | 1 |
| C77 BTWN 50 AND 60 F MD | 17 |
| C78 BTWN 50 AND 60 F S | 2 |
| C79 BTWN 50 AND 60 F WID | 13 |
| C81 BTWN 50 AND 60 F DEATHS | 6 |
| C82 BTWN 60 AND 70 M MD | 9 |
| C83 BTWN 60 AND 70 M S | 1 |
| C84 BTWN 60 AND 70 M WID | 3 |
| C85 BTWN 60 AND 70 F MD | 5 |
| C86 BTWN 60 AND 70 F S | 1 |
| C87 BTWN 60 AND 70 F WID | 6 |
| C90 BTWN 70 AND 80 M MD | 4 |
| C92 BTWN 70 AND 80 M WID | 2 |
| C93 BTWN 70 AND 80 F MD | 2 |
| C95 BTWN 70 AND 80 F WID | 3 |
| C97 BTWN 70 AND 80 F DEATHS | 2 |
| C98 BTWN 80 AND 90 M MD | 1 |
| CAR BU | 56 |
| CD NAME | Welland |
| CID GAL | 7,726 |
| CROP | 3,476 |
| CULT | 8,343 |
| DE NL | 15 |
| ENG WLS | 37 |
| FC YRDS | 733 |
| FLAN YRDS | 2,791 |
| FLX LBS | 70 |
| FR | 6 |
| GARDEN | 229 |
| GRA BU | 252 |
| HELD | 16,602 |
| HOP LBS | 17 |
| HORSE | 510 |
| IRE | 124 |
| LIN YRDS | 50 |
| LINE NO | 353 |
| M COWS | 591 |
| MPLS LBS | 3,378 |
| MW BU | 8 |
| NOT FRN | 1,096 |
| NS PEI | 5 |
| O 10 TO 20 | 4 |
| O 100 TO 200 | 29 |
| O 20 TO 50 | 49 |
| O 50 TO 100 | 79 |
| O OVR 200 | 8 |
| O UNDR 10 | 28 |
| PASTURE | 4,638 |
| SCOT | 62 |
| SHEEP | 2,539 |
| SWINE | 919 |
| TOT O | 197 |
| TUR AC | 7 |
| TUR BU | 526 |
| US | 133 |
| WOOD | 8,259 |
Identifiers
- TCP UID:
ON040004— year-scoped identifier from the Canadian Census Subdivision boundary file - Persistent place ID:
PLACE_ON151002— computed from spatial-overlap chains across census years - Wikidata: not yet grounded. This page covers a place whose persistent identity has not yet been linked to a Wikidata entity. Identification is via TCP UID and spatial polygon only.
Sources
Census tabulations from the 1851 Census of Canada, transcribed and georeferenced by the Canadian Peoples / TCP project, hosted at the HGIS Lab, University of Saskatchewan. Persistent place identity computed from spatial-overlap chains across all available census years (1851–1921). Identity grounding to Wikidata performed via the HGIS Canada Knowledge Graph project's MCP-assisted disambiguation pipeline. See the About / Methodology page for the full data pipeline.
Cite this page
Clifford, J. (2026). "Crowland, Ontario (1851 census)" in HGIS Canada Knowledge Graph. Retrieved from https://jimclifford.ca/hgiscanada/places/on/crowland-on040004-1851/.