Crowland, Ontario (1861 census)
Crowland was a census subdivision in Welland County, Ontario, recorded in the 1861 Census of Canada with a population of 1,457. The administrative centroid was at approximately 42.998°N, 79.182°W.
Population
In 1861, Crowland had a population of 1,457: 773 male and 684 female residents. Population density was 43.7 people per square mile.
Population trajectory across census years
| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 1851 | 1,478 |
| 1861 | 1,457 |
| 1871 | 1,317 |
| 1881 | 1,318 |
| 1891 | 1,107 |
| 1901 | 1,010 |
| 1911 | 1,667 |
| 1921 | 3,826 |
Cross-year identity established by spatial polygon overlap (SAME_AS chains across the Canadian Census Subdivision boundary files).
Boundary continuity (non-identical overlaps)
Spatial polygon overlaps with adjacent census years where the boundary shifted enough that the SAME_AS chain didn't merge them. These show where the territory came from and went to even when it isn't tracked as the same persistent place.
Earlier boundary forms
- In an earlier year, this CSD was contained in Crowland, 1851 (92.0% share).
Neighbouring Census Subdivisions in 1861
In the 1861 census, Crowland shared boundaries with:
Full census record, 1861
The 1861 census recorded 320 measurements for this Census Subdivision across 8 categories. Tables below are collapsible.
Population & families (27 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Female members of the family who are present | 662 |
| Females present who are not members of the family | 22 |
| Male members of the family who are present | 736 |
| Males present who are not members of the family | 37 |
| Number of adult females unable to read or write | 6 |
| Number of adult males unable to read or write | 7 |
| Number of blind females | 3 |
| Number of blind males | 2 |
| Number of female births in the past year | 19 |
| Number of females | 684 |
| Number of females attending school | 131 |
| Number of lunatic females | 2 |
| Number of lunatic males | 1 |
| Number of male births in the past year | 27 |
| Number of males | 773 |
| Number of males attending school | 166 |
| Number of married females | 225 |
| Number of married males | 236 |
| Number of single females | 417 |
| Number of single males | 524 |
| Number of widowed females | 42 |
| Number of widowed males | 13 |
| POP FX N.1 | 684 |
| POP MX N.1 | 773 |
| POP TOT | 1,457 |
| POP XX N.1 | 1,457 |
| Total population | 1,457 |
Age structure (48 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Number of females age 3 to 4 | 21 |
| Number of females aged 1 to 2 | 22 |
| Number of females aged 2 to 3 | 23 |
| Number of females aged 4 to 5 | 18 |
| Number of females aged 5 to 10 | 91 |
| Number of males aged 1 to 2 | 19 |
| Number of males aged 2 to 3 | 21 |
| Number of males aged 3 to 4 | 26 |
| Number of males aged 4 to 5 | 27 |
| Number of males aged 5 to 10 | 78 |
| Number of married females aged 15 to 20 | 4 |
| Number of married females aged 20 to 30 | 66 |
| Number of married females aged 30 to 40 | 72 |
| Number of married females aged 40 to 50 | 42 |
| Number of married females aged 50 to 60 | 30 |
| Number of married females aged 60 to 70 | 10 |
| Number of married females aged 70 to 80 | 1 |
| Number of married males aged 20 to 30 | 30 |
| Number of married males aged 30 to 40 | 81 |
| Number of married males aged 40 to 50 | 48 |
| Number of married males aged 50 to 60 | 48 |
| Number of married males aged 60 to 70 | 27 |
| Number of married males aged 70 to 80 | 2 |
| Number of single females aged 10 to 15 | 69 |
| Number of single females aged 15 to 20 | 78 |
| Number of single females aged 20 to 30 | 64 |
| Number of single females aged 30 to 40 | 6 |
| Number of single females aged 40 to 50 | 1 |
| Number of single females aged 50 to 60 | 3 |
| Number of single females aged 60 to 70 | 2 |
| Number of single males aged 10 to 15 | 99 |
| Number of single males aged 15 to 20 | 90 |
| Number of single males aged 20 to 30 | 108 |
| Number of single males aged 30 to 40 | 18 |
| Number of single males aged 40 to 50 | 8 |
| Number of single males aged 50 to 60 | 2 |
| Number of single males aged 70 to 80 | 1 |
| Number of widowed females aged 20 to 30 | 1 |
| Number of widowed females aged 30 to 40 | 3 |
| Number of widowed females aged 40 to 50 | 14 |
| Number of widowed females aged 50 to 60 | 10 |
| Number of widowed females aged 60 to 70 | 9 |
| Number of widowed females aged 70 to 80 | 10 |
| Number of widowed males aged 40 to 50 | 2 |
| Number of widowed males aged 50 to 60 | 4 |
| Number of widowed males aged 60 to 70 | 2 |
| Number of widowed males aged 70 to 80 | 4 |
| Number of widowed males aged 80 to 90 | 2 |
Ethnic origin (8 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Number of persons native to Canada, not of French origin | 1,154 |
| Number of persons originating in England or Wales | 45 |
| Number of persons originating in France | 3 |
| Number of persons originating in Germany or Holland | 49 |
| Number of persons originating in Ireland | 78 |
| Number of persons originating in Nova Scotia or Prince Edward Island | 1 |
| Number of persons originating in Scotland | 42 |
| Number of persons originating in the United States | 85 |
Agriculture (81 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Acres of barley | 422 |
| Acres of buckwheat | 314 |
| Acres of corn | 272 |
| Acres of farmland held by townspeople who are not farmers | 138 |
| Acres of farmland in gardens | 274 |
| Acres of farmland in pasture | 3,362 |
| Acres of farmland in woodland or forest | 6,637 |
| Acres of farmland under crops | 6,993 |
| Acres of farmland under cultivation | 10,629 |
| Acres of land in farms | 17,266 |
| Acres of mangel wurtzel | 2 |
| Acres of oats | 1,327 |
| Acres of peas | 471 |
| Acres of potatoes | 156 |
| Acres of rye | 252 |
| Acres of spring wheat | 1,015 |
| Acres of turnips | 6 |
| Acres of winter wheat | 501 |
| Barrels of beef produced in the past year | 113 |
| Barrels of pork produced in the past year | 279 |
| Bushels of barley produced in the past year | 10,398 |
| Bushels of beans produced in the past year | 158 |
| Bushels of buckwheat produced in the past year | 6,654 |
| Bushels of carrots produced in the past year | 1,014 |
| Bushels of clover, timothy, or other grass seed produced in the past year | 221 |
| Bushels of corn produced in the past year | 12,163 |
| Bushels of mangel wurtzel produced in the past year | 402 |
| Bushels of oats produced in the past year | 48,666 |
| Bushels of peas produced in the past year | 8,905 |
| Bushels of potatoes produced in the past year | 17,094 |
| Bushels of rye produced in the past year | 2,906 |
| Bushels of spring wheat produced in the past year | 10,243 |
| Bushels of turnips produced in the past year | 908 |
| Bushels of winter wheat produced in the past year | 4,932 |
| C18 WHT FALL AC | 501 |
| C19 WHT FALL BU | 4,932 |
| C20 WHT SP AC | 1,015 |
| C21 WHT SP BU | 10,243 |
| C22 BAR AC | 422 |
| C23 BAR BU | 10,398 |
| C24 RYE AC | 252 |
| C25 RYE BU | 2,906 |
| C26 PEA AC | 471 |
| C27 PEA BU | 8,905 |
| C28 OAT AC | 1,327 |
| C29 OAT BU | 48,666 |
| C30 BWT AC | 314 |
| C31 BWT BU | 6,654 |
| C34 POT AC | 156 |
| C35 POT BU | 17,094 |
| C43 HAY TONS | 1,944 |
| C47 WOOL LBS | 7,074 |
| C63 BEEF BAR | 113 |
| C64 PORK BAR | 279 |
| Gallons of cider produced in the past year | 16,307 |
| HRS ov03 V | 35,915 |
| Number of bulls, oxen, or steers | 80 |
| Number of calves and heifers | 514 |
| Number of horses aged 3 years and under | 144 |
| Number of horses aged over 3 years | 490 |
| Number of milk cows | 511 |
| Number of occupants of farms | 195 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 10 and 20 acres | 3 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 100 and 200 acres | 26 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 20 and 50 acres | 56 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 50 and 100 acres | 77 |
| Number of persons living on farms over 200 acres | 12 |
| Number of persons living on farms under 10 acres | 21 |
| Number of sheep | 2,145 |
| Number of swine | 915 |
| Pounds of cheese produced on farms in the past year | 590 |
| Pounds of flax or hemp produced in the past year | 622 |
| Pounds of homemade butter | 44,372 |
| Pounds of hops produced in the past year | 26 |
| Pounds of maple sugar produced in the past year | 4,111 |
| Pounds of wool produced on farms in the past year | 7,074 |
| Tons of hay produced in the past year | 1,944 |
| Value of all livestock | 76,810 |
| Value of farm implements in dollars | 21,348 |
| Value of farms (dollars) | 578,632 |
| Value of garden and orchard crops produced in the past year | 5,087 |
Manufacturing & industry (7 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Number of carriages for hire | 1 |
| Number of carriages for pleasure | 74 |
| Value of carriages for hire (dollars) | 30 |
| Value of carriages for pleasure (dollars) | 1,494 |
| Yards of flannel produced in the past year | 2,237 |
| Yards of fulled cloth produced in the past year | 615 |
| Yards of linen produced in the past year | 9 |
Fisheries (1 variable)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Quintals of dried fish sold in the past year | 869 |
Deaths & mortality (8 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 20 to 30 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among females of all ages | 2 |
| Deaths in the past year among females under age 1 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 20 to 30 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 70 to 80 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among males of all ages | 4 |
| Deaths in the past year among males under age 1 | 2 |
| Total number of deaths in the past year | 6 |
Other recorded variables (140 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| C01 TOTAL | 195 |
| C02 OCC UNDR 10 | 21 |
| C03 OCC 10 TO 20 | 3 |
| C04 OCC 20 TO 50 | 56 |
| C05 OCC 50 TO 100 | 77 |
| C06 OCC 100 TO 200 | 26 |
| C07 OCC OVR 200 | 12 |
| C08 HELD | 17,266 |
| C09 UNDR CULT | 10,629 |
| C1 Males | 773 |
| C10 Deaths under 1 year M | 2 |
| C10 UNDR CROP | 6,993 |
| C11 Deaths under 1 year F | 1 |
| C11 UNDR PAST | 3,362 |
| C12 GARDENS | 274 |
| C12 Under 2 Years M | 19 |
| C120 Married M | 236 |
| C121 Single M | 524 |
| C122 Widowed M | 13 |
| C123 Total M | 773 |
| C124 Married F | 225 |
| C125 Single F | 417 |
| C126 Widows F | 42 |
| C127 Total F | 684 |
| C128 Grand Total | 1,457 |
| C129 Deaths M | 4 |
| C13 Under 2 Years F | 22 |
| C13 WOOD WILD | 6,637 |
| C130 Deaths F | 2 |
| C131 Deaths Total | 6 |
| C136 Attending School M | 166 |
| C137 Attending School F | 131 |
| C138 Adults unable to read or write M | 7 |
| C139 Adults unable to read or write F | 6 |
| C14 CASH FARM | 578,632 |
| C142 Blind M | 2 |
| C143 Blind F | 3 |
| C144 Lunatics M | 1 |
| C145 Lunatics F | 2 |
| C15 CASH IMP | 21,348 |
| C16 GARDN VALUE | 5,087 |
| C16 Under 3 years M | 21 |
| C17 LAND HELD | 138 |
| C17 Under 3 years F | 23 |
| C2 Females | 684 |
| C20 Under 4 years M | 26 |
| C21 Under 4 years F | 21 |
| C24 Under 5 years M | 27 |
| C25 Under 5 years F | 18 |
| C28 Between 5 and 10 Years M | 78 |
| C29 Between 5 and 10 years F | 91 |
| C3 Total | 1,457 |
| C32 INDN CRN AC | 272 |
| C33 Between 10 and 15 years Single M | 99 |
| C33 INDN CRN BU | 12,163 |
| C35 Between 10 and 15 years Single F | 69 |
| C36 TUR AC | 6 |
| C37 TUR BU | 908 |
| C38 CAR BU | 1,014 |
| C39 Between 15 and 20 years Single M | 90 |
| C39 MAN WURT AC | 2 |
| C4 Members of Family M | 736 |
| C40 Between 15 and 20 years Married F | 4 |
| C40 MAN WURT BU | 402 |
| C41 BEN BU | 158 |
| C41 Between 15 and 20 years Single F | 78 |
| C42 CLV TIM GRA | 221 |
| C44 Between 20 and 30 years Married M | 30 |
| C44 HOP LBS | 26 |
| C45 Between 20 and 30 years Single M | 108 |
| C45 MPL SGR LBS | 4,111 |
| C46 CID GAL | 16,307 |
| C47 Between 20 and 30 years Married F | 66 |
| C48 Between 20 and 30 years Single F | 64 |
| C48 FLLD CLOTH YRDS | 615 |
| C49 Between 20 and 30 years Widows F | 1 |
| C49 FLAN YRDS | 2,237 |
| C5 Members of Family F | 662 |
| C50 Between 20 and 30 years Deaths M | 1 |
| C50 FLX HEM LBS | 622 |
| C51 Between 20 and 30 years Deaths F | 1 |
| C51 LIN YRDS | 9 |
| C52 Between 30 and 40 years Married M | 81 |
| C52 BULLS OX STEERS | 80 |
| C53 Between 30 and 40 years Single M | 18 |
| C53 MILK COWS | 511 |
| C54 CALVES HEIFERS | 514 |
| C55 Between 30 and 40 years Married F | 72 |
| C55 HORSES | 490 |
| C56 Between 30 and 40 years Single F | 6 |
| C56 HORSES VAL | 35,915 |
| C57 Between 30 and 40 years Widows F | 3 |
| C57 COLTS FILLIES | 144 |
| C58 SHEEP | 2,145 |
| C59 SWINE | 915 |
| C6 Not Members of Family M | 37 |
| C60 Between 40 and 50 years Married M | 48 |
| C60 TOT VALUE | 76,810 |
| C61 Between 40 and 50 years Single M | 8 |
| C61 BUTTER LB | 44,372 |
| C62 Between 40 and 50 years Widowers M | 2 |
| C62 CHEESE LB | 590 |
| C63 Between 40 and 50 years Married F | 42 |
| C64 Between 40 and 50 years Single F | 1 |
| C65 Between 40 and 50 years Widows F | 14 |
| C65 FISH QUIN | 869 |
| C68 Between 50 and 60 years Married M | 48 |
| C68 CAR PLEASURE | 74 |
| C69 Between 50 and 60 years Single M | 2 |
| C69 VALUE DOL P | 4,494 |
| C7 Not Members of Family F | 22 |
| C70 Between 50 and 60 years Widowers M | 4 |
| C70 CAR HIRE | 1 |
| C71 Between 50 and 60 years Married F | 30 |
| C71 VALUE DOL H | 30 |
| C72 Between 50 and 60 years Single F | 3 |
| C73 Between 50 and 60 years Widows F | 10 |
| C76 Between 60 and 70 years Married M | 27 |
| C78 Between 60 and 70 years Widowers M | 2 |
| C79 Between 60 and 70 years Married F | 10 |
| C8 Births in 1860 M | 27 |
| C80 Between 60 and 70 years Single F | 2 |
| C81 Between 60 and 70 years Widows F | 9 |
| C84 Between 70 and 80 years Married M | 2 |
| C85 Between 70 and 80 years Single M | 1 |
| C86 Between 70 and 80 years Widowers M | 4 |
| C87 Between 70 and 80 years Married F | 1 |
| C89 Between 70 and 80 years Widows F | 10 |
| C9 Births in 1860 F | 19 |
| C90 Between 70 and 80 years Deaths M | 1 |
| C94 Between 80 and 90 years Widowers M | 2 |
| CD NAME | Welland |
| England and Wales | 45 |
| France | 3 |
| Ireland | 78 |
| Natives of Canada Not of French Origin | 1,154 |
| Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island | 1 |
| Prussia German States and Holland | 49 |
| Scotland | 42 |
| United States | 85 |
Identifiers
- TCP UID:
ON102004— year-scoped identifier from the Canadian Census Subdivision boundary file - Persistent place ID:
PLACE_ON151002— computed from spatial-overlap chains across census years - Wikidata: not yet grounded. This page covers a place whose persistent identity has not yet been linked to a Wikidata entity. Identification is via TCP UID and spatial polygon only.
Sources
Census tabulations from the 1861 Census of Canada, transcribed and georeferenced by the Canadian Peoples / TCP project, hosted at the HGIS Lab, University of Saskatchewan. Persistent place identity computed from spatial-overlap chains across all available census years (1851–1921). Identity grounding to Wikidata performed via the HGIS Canada Knowledge Graph project's MCP-assisted disambiguation pipeline. See the About / Methodology page for the full data pipeline.
Cite this page
Clifford, J. (2026). "Crowland, Ontario (1861 census)" in HGIS Canada Knowledge Graph. Retrieved from https://jimclifford.ca/hgiscanada/places/on/crowland-on102004-1861/.