Lancaster, Ontario (1861 census)
Lancaster was a census subdivision in Glengary County, Ontario, recorded in the 1861 Census of Canada with a population of 4,566. The administrative centroid was at approximately 45.238°N, 74.486°W.
Population
In 1861, Lancaster had a population of 4,566: 2,278 male and 2,288 female residents. Population density was 45.7 people per square mile.
Population trajectory across census years
| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 1851 | 4,023 |
| 1861 | 4,566 |
| 1871 | 4,415 |
| 1881 | 4,851 |
| 1891 | 4,084 |
| 1901 | 4,051 |
| 1911 | 3,842 |
| 1921 | 3,683 |
Cross-year identity established by spatial polygon overlap (SAME_AS chains across the Canadian Census Subdivision boundary files).
Neighbouring Census Subdivisions in 1861
In the 1861 census, Lancaster shared boundaries with:
Full census record, 1861
The 1861 census recorded 390 measurements for this Census Subdivision across 7 categories. Tables below are collapsible.
Population & families (30 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Female members of the family who are present | 2,065 |
| Females present who are not members of the family | 223 |
| Male members of the family who are present | 2,064 |
| Males present who are not members of the family | 214 |
| Number of adult females unable to read or write | 302 |
| Number of adult males unable to read or write | 206 |
| Number of blind females | 1 |
| Number of blind males | 4 |
| Number of deaf and dumb females | 1 |
| Number of deaf and dumb males | 3 |
| Number of female births in the past year | 70 |
| Number of females | 2,288 |
| Number of females attending school | 331 |
| Number of lunatic females | 7 |
| Number of lunatic males | 3 |
| Number of male births in the past year | 63 |
| Number of males | 2,278 |
| Number of males attending school | 437 |
| Number of married females | 513 |
| Number of married males | 535 |
| Number of persons at sea | 1 |
| Number of single females | 1,641 |
| Number of single males | 1,680 |
| Number of widowed females | 134 |
| Number of widowed males | 63 |
| POP FX N.1 | 2,288 |
| POP MX N.1 | 2,278 |
| POP TOT | 4,566 |
| POP XX N.1 | 4,566 |
| Total population | 4,566 |
Age structure (60 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Number of females age 3 to 4 | 67 |
| Number of females aged 1 to 2 | 70 |
| Number of females aged 2 to 3 | 65 |
| Number of females aged 4 to 5 | 66 |
| Number of females aged 5 to 10 | 230 |
| Number of females of unknown age | 3 |
| Number of males aged 1 to 2 | 56 |
| Number of males aged 2 to 3 | 76 |
| Number of males aged 3 to 4 | 55 |
| Number of males aged 4 to 5 | 69 |
| Number of males aged 5 to 10 | 235 |
| Number of males of unknown age | 2 |
| Number of married females aged 15 to 20 | 5 |
| Number of married females aged 20 to 30 | 90 |
| Number of married females aged 30 to 40 | 156 |
| Number of married females aged 40 to 50 | 118 |
| Number of married females aged 50 to 60 | 77 |
| Number of married females aged 60 to 70 | 52 |
| Number of married females aged 70 to 80 | 13 |
| Number of married females aged 80 to 90 | 1 |
| Number of married females over 100 | 1 |
| Number of married males aged 20 to 30 | 46 |
| Number of married males aged 30 to 40 | 136 |
| Number of married males aged 40 to 50 | 127 |
| Number of married males aged 50 to 60 | 106 |
| Number of married males aged 60 to 70 | 81 |
| Number of married males aged 70 to 80 | 29 |
| Number of married males aged 80 to 90 | 10 |
| Number of single females aged 10 to 15 | 264 |
| Number of single females aged 15 to 20 | 284 |
| Number of single females aged 20 to 30 | 331 |
| Number of single females aged 30 to 40 | 83 |
| Number of single females aged 40 to 50 | 62 |
| Number of single females aged 50 to 60 | 21 |
| Number of single females aged 60 to 70 | 12 |
| Number of single females aged 70 to 80 | 11 |
| Number of single females aged 80 to 90 | 2 |
| Number of single males aged 10 to 15 | 286 |
| Number of single males aged 15 to 20 | 288 |
| Number of single males aged 20 to 30 | 361 |
| Number of single males aged 30 to 40 | 97 |
| Number of single males aged 40 to 50 | 45 |
| Number of single males aged 50 to 60 | 22 |
| Number of single males aged 60 to 70 | 16 |
| Number of single males aged 70 to 80 | 9 |
| Number of widowed females aged 20 to 30 | 3 |
| Number of widowed females aged 30 to 40 | 10 |
| Number of widowed females aged 40 to 50 | 15 |
| Number of widowed females aged 50 to 60 | 22 |
| Number of widowed females aged 60 to 70 | 45 |
| Number of widowed females aged 70 to 80 | 25 |
| Number of widowed females aged 80 to 90 | 12 |
| Number of widowed females aged 90 to 100 | 2 |
| Number of widowed males aged 30 to 40 | 2 |
| Number of widowed males aged 40 to 50 | 7 |
| Number of widowed males aged 50 to 60 | 11 |
| Number of widowed males aged 60 to 70 | 13 |
| Number of widowed males aged 70 to 80 | 16 |
| Number of widowed males aged 80 to 90 | 10 |
| Number of widowed males aged 90 to 100 | 4 |
Ethnic origin (12 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Number of French Canadians | 388 |
| Number of persons native to Canada, not of French origin | 3,543 |
| Number of persons originating in England or Wales | 37 |
| Number of persons originating in France | 1 |
| Number of persons originating in Germany or Holland | 4 |
| Number of persons originating in Ireland | 116 |
| Number of persons originating in New Brunswick | 3 |
| Number of persons originating in Nova Scotia or Prince Edward Island | 28 |
| Number of persons originating in Russia or Poland | 9 |
| Number of persons originating in Scotland | 416 |
| Number of persons originating in the United States | 19 |
| Number of persons whose origin is unknown | 3 |
Agriculture (80 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Acres of barley | 504 |
| Acres of buckwheat | 434 |
| Acres of corn | 149 |
| Acres of farmland held by townspeople who are not farmers | 123 |
| Acres of farmland in gardens | 67 |
| Acres of farmland in pasture | 5,576 |
| Acres of farmland in woodland or forest | 36,891 |
| Acres of farmland under crops | 14,210 |
| Acres of farmland under cultivation | 19,853 |
| Acres of land in farms | 56,744 |
| Acres of mangel wurtzel | 8 |
| Acres of oats | 4,316 |
| Acres of peas | 1,400 |
| Acres of potatoes | 375 |
| Acres of rye | 16 |
| Acres of spring wheat | 2,545 |
| Acres of turnips | 22 |
| Acres of winter wheat | 40 |
| Barrels of beef produced in the past year | 498 |
| Barrels of pork produced in the past year | 1,177 |
| Bushels of barley produced in the past year | 10,324 |
| Bushels of beans produced in the past year | 423 |
| Bushels of buckwheat produced in the past year | 7,008 |
| Bushels of carrots produced in the past year | 16,735 |
| Bushels of clover, timothy, or other grass seed produced in the past year | 204 |
| Bushels of corn produced in the past year | 3,484 |
| Bushels of mangel wurtzel produced in the past year | 2,572 |
| Bushels of oats produced in the past year | 121,244 |
| Bushels of peas produced in the past year | 21,962 |
| Bushels of potatoes produced in the past year | 42,453 |
| Bushels of rye produced in the past year | 159 |
| Bushels of spring wheat produced in the past year | 35,989 |
| Bushels of turnips produced in the past year | 2,048 |
| Bushels of winter wheat produced in the past year | 553 |
| C18 WHT FALL AC | 40 |
| C19 WHT FALL BU | 553 |
| C20 WHT SP AC | 2,545 |
| C21 WHT SP BU | 35,989 |
| C22 BAR AC | 504 |
| C23 BAR BU | 10,324 |
| C24 RYE AC | 16 |
| C25 RYE BU | 159 |
| C26 PEA AC | 1,400 |
| C27 PEA BU | 21,962 |
| C28 OAT AC | 4,316 |
| C29 OAT BU | 121,244 |
| C30 BWT AC | 434 |
| C31 BWT BU | 7,008 |
| C34 POT AC | 375 |
| C35 POT BU | 42,453 |
| C43 HAY TONS | 3,943 |
| C47 WOOL LBS | 12,016 |
| C63 BEEF BAR | 498 |
| C64 PORK BAR | 1,177 |
| HRS ov03 V | 60,148 |
| Number of bulls, oxen, or steers | 63 |
| Number of calves and heifers | 2,064 |
| Number of horses aged 3 years and under | 657 |
| Number of horses aged over 3 years | 1,189 |
| Number of milk cows | 2,130 |
| Number of occupants of farms | 562 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 10 and 20 acres | 14 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 100 and 200 acres | 125 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 20 and 50 acres | 71 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 50 and 100 acres | 303 |
| Number of persons living on farms over 200 acres | 30 |
| Number of persons living on farms under 10 acres | 19 |
| Number of sheep | 4,423 |
| Number of swine | 2,344 |
| Pounds of cheese produced on farms in the past year | 28,065 |
| Pounds of flax or hemp produced in the past year | 180 |
| Pounds of homemade butter | 107,276 |
| Pounds of hops produced in the past year | 25 |
| Pounds of maple sugar produced in the past year | 20,953 |
| Pounds of wool produced on farms in the past year | 12,016 |
| Tons of hay produced in the past year | 3,943 |
| Value of all livestock | 145,534 |
| Value of farm implements in dollars | 47,471 |
| Value of farms (dollars) | 793,422 |
| Value of garden and orchard crops produced in the past year | 1,356 |
Manufacturing & industry (7 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Number of carriages for hire | 3 |
| Number of carriages for pleasure | 285 |
| Value of carriages for hire (dollars) | 116 |
| Value of carriages for pleasure (dollars) | 11,612 |
| Yards of flannel produced in the past year | 5,531 |
| Yards of fulled cloth produced in the past year | 4,707 |
| Yards of linen produced in the past year | 62 |
Deaths & mortality (26 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 1 to 2 | 7 |
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 15 to 20 | 2 |
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 2 to 3 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 20 to 30 | 4 |
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 3 to 4 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 30 to 40 | 2 |
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 4 to 5 | 2 |
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 40 to 50 | 2 |
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 5 to 10 | 2 |
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 50 to 60 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 70 to 80 | 2 |
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 80 to 90 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among females of all ages | 32 |
| Deaths in the past year among females under age 1 | 5 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 10 to 15 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 2 to 3 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 20 to 30 | 3 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 30 to 40 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 40 to 50 | 4 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 5 to 10 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 50 to 60 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 70 to 80 | 2 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 80 to 90 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among males of all ages | 21 |
| Deaths in the past year among males under age 1 | 6 |
| Total number of deaths in the past year | 53 |
Other recorded variables (175 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| At Sea | 1 |
| C01 TOTAL | 562 |
| C02 OCC UNDR 10 | 19 |
| C03 OCC 10 TO 20 | 14 |
| C04 OCC 20 TO 50 | 71 |
| C05 OCC 50 TO 100 | 303 |
| C06 OCC 100 TO 200 | 125 |
| C07 OCC OVR 200 | 30 |
| C08 HELD | 56,744 |
| C09 UNDR CULT | 19,853 |
| C1 Males | 2,278 |
| C10 Deaths under 1 year M | 6 |
| C10 UNDR CROP | 14,210 |
| C102 Between 90 and 100 years Widowers M | 4 |
| C105 Between 90 and 100 years Widows F | 2 |
| C11 Deaths under 1 year F | 5 |
| C11 UNDR PAST | 5,576 |
| C111 Over 100 years Married F | 1 |
| C116 Ages not given M | 2 |
| C117 Ages not given F | 3 |
| C12 GARDENS | 67 |
| C12 Under 2 Years M | 56 |
| C120 Married M | 535 |
| C121 Single M | 1,680 |
| C122 Widowed M | 63 |
| C123 Total M | 2,278 |
| C124 Married F | 513 |
| C125 Single F | 1,641 |
| C126 Widows F | 134 |
| C127 Total F | 2,288 |
| C128 Grand Total | 4,566 |
| C129 Deaths M | 21 |
| C13 Under 2 Years F | 70 |
| C13 WOOD WILD | 36,891 |
| C130 Deaths F | 32 |
| C131 Deaths Total | 53 |
| C136 Attending School M | 437 |
| C137 Attending School F | 331 |
| C138 Adults unable to read or write M | 206 |
| C139 Adults unable to read or write F | 302 |
| C14 CASH FARM | 793,422 |
| C140 Deaf and Dumb M | 3 |
| C141 Deaf and Dumb F | 1 |
| C142 Blind M | 4 |
| C143 Blind F | 1 |
| C144 Lunatics M | 3 |
| C145 Lunatics F | 7 |
| C15 CASH IMP | 47,471 |
| C15 Deaths under 2 years F | 7 |
| C16 GARDN VALUE | 1,356 |
| C16 Under 3 years M | 76 |
| C17 LAND HELD | 123 |
| C17 Under 3 years F | 65 |
| C18 Deaths under 3 years M | 1 |
| C19 Deaths under 3 years F | 1 |
| C2 Females | 2,288 |
| C20 Under 4 years M | 55 |
| C21 Under 4 years F | 67 |
| C23 Deaths under 4 years F | 1 |
| C24 Under 5 years M | 69 |
| C25 Under 5 years F | 66 |
| C27 Deaths under 5 years F | 2 |
| C28 Between 5 and 10 Years M | 235 |
| C29 Between 5 and 10 years F | 230 |
| C3 Total | 4,566 |
| C30 Deaths between 5 and 10 years M | 1 |
| C31 Deaths between 5 and 10 years F | 2 |
| C32 INDN CRN AC | 149 |
| C33 Between 10 and 15 years Single M | 286 |
| C33 INDN CRN BU | 3,484 |
| C35 Between 10 and 15 years Single F | 264 |
| C36 Between 10 and 15 years Deaths M | 1 |
| C36 TUR AC | 22 |
| C37 TUR BU | 2,048 |
| C38 CAR BU | 16,735 |
| C39 Between 15 and 20 years Single M | 288 |
| C39 MAN WURT AC | 8 |
| C4 Members of Family M | 2,064 |
| C40 Between 15 and 20 years Married F | 5 |
| C40 MAN WURT BU | 2,572 |
| C41 BEN BU | 423 |
| C41 Between 15 and 20 years Single F | 284 |
| C42 CLV TIM GRA | 204 |
| C43 Between 15 and 20 years Deaths F | 2 |
| C44 Between 20 and 30 years Married M | 46 |
| C44 HOP LBS | 25 |
| C45 Between 20 and 30 years Single M | 361 |
| C45 MPL SGR LBS | 20,953 |
| C47 Between 20 and 30 years Married F | 90 |
| C48 Between 20 and 30 years Single F | 331 |
| C48 FLLD CLOTH YRDS | 4,707 |
| C49 Between 20 and 30 years Widows F | 3 |
| C49 FLAN YRDS | 5,531 |
| C5 Members of Family F | 2,065 |
| C50 Between 20 and 30 years Deaths M | 3 |
| C50 FLX HEM LBS | 180 |
| C51 Between 20 and 30 years Deaths F | 4 |
| C51 LIN YRDS | 62 |
| C52 Between 30 and 40 years Married M | 136 |
| C52 BULLS OX STEERS | 63 |
| C53 Between 30 and 40 years Single M | 97 |
| C53 MILK COWS | 2,130 |
| C54 Between 30 and 40 years Widowers M | 2 |
| C54 CALVES HEIFERS | 2,064 |
| C55 Between 30 and 40 years Married F | 156 |
| C55 HORSES | 1,189 |
| C56 Between 30 and 40 years Single F | 83 |
| C56 HORSES VAL | 60,148 |
| C57 Between 30 and 40 years Widows F | 10 |
| C57 COLTS FILLIES | 657 |
| C58 Between 30 and 40 years Deaths M | 1 |
| C58 SHEEP | 4,423 |
| C59 Between 30 and 40 years Deaths F | 2 |
| C59 SWINE | 2,344 |
| C6 Not Members of Family M | 214 |
| C60 Between 40 and 50 years Married M | 127 |
| C60 TOT VALUE | 145,534 |
| C61 Between 40 and 50 years Single M | 45 |
| C61 BUTTER LB | 107,276 |
| C62 Between 40 and 50 years Widowers M | 7 |
| C62 CHEESE LB | 28,065 |
| C63 Between 40 and 50 years Married F | 118 |
| C64 Between 40 and 50 years Single F | 62 |
| C65 Between 40 and 50 years Widows F | 15 |
| C66 Between 40 and 50 years Deaths M | 4 |
| C67 Between 40 and 50 years Deaths F | 2 |
| C68 Between 50 and 60 years Married M | 106 |
| C68 CAR PLEASURE | 285 |
| C69 Between 50 and 60 years Single M | 22 |
| C69 VALUE DOL P | 11,612 |
| C7 Not Members of Family F | 223 |
| C70 Between 50 and 60 years Widowers M | 11 |
| C70 CAR HIRE | 3 |
| C71 Between 50 and 60 years Married F | 77 |
| C71 VALUE DOL H | 116 |
| C72 Between 50 and 60 years Single F | 21 |
| C73 Between 50 and 60 years Widows F | 22 |
| C74 Between 50 and 60 years Deaths M | 1 |
| C75 Between 50 and 60 years Deaths F | 1 |
| C76 Between 60 and 70 years Married M | 81 |
| C77 Between 60 and 70 years Single M | 16 |
| C78 Between 60 and 70 years Widowers M | 13 |
| C79 Between 60 and 70 years Married F | 52 |
| C8 Births in 1860 M | 63 |
| C80 Between 60 and 70 years Single F | 12 |
| C81 Between 60 and 70 years Widows F | 45 |
| C84 Between 70 and 80 years Married M | 29 |
| C85 Between 70 and 80 years Single M | 9 |
| C86 Between 70 and 80 years Widowers M | 16 |
| C87 Between 70 and 80 years Married F | 13 |
| C88 Between 70 and 80 years Single F | 11 |
| C89 Between 70 and 80 years Widows F | 25 |
| C9 Births in 1860 F | 70 |
| C90 Between 70 and 80 years Deaths M | 2 |
| C91 Between 70 and 80 years Deaths F | 2 |
| C92 Between 80 and 90 years Married M | 10 |
| C94 Between 80 and 90 years Widowers M | 10 |
| C95 Between 80 and 90 years Married F | 1 |
| C96 Between 80 and 90 years Single F | 2 |
| C97 Between 80 and 90 years Widows F | 12 |
| C98 Between 80 and 90 years Deaths M | 1 |
| C99 Between 80 and 90 years Deaths F | 1 |
| CD NAME | Glengary |
| England and Wales | 37 |
| France | 1 |
| Ireland | 116 |
| Natives of Canada French Origin | 388 |
| Natives of Canada Not of French Origin | 3,543 |
| New Brunswick | 3 |
| Not Known | 1 |
| Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island | 28 |
| Prussia German States and Holland | 4 |
| Russia and Poland | 9 |
| Scotland | 416 |
| United States | 19 |
Identifiers
- TCP UID:
ON073003— year-scoped identifier from the Canadian Census Subdivision boundary file - Persistent place ID:
PLACE_ON112003— computed from spatial-overlap chains across census years - Wikidata: not yet grounded. This page covers a place whose persistent identity has not yet been linked to a Wikidata entity. Identification is via TCP UID and spatial polygon only.
Sources
Census tabulations from the 1861 Census of Canada, transcribed and georeferenced by the Canadian Peoples / TCP project, hosted at the HGIS Lab, University of Saskatchewan. Persistent place identity computed from spatial-overlap chains across all available census years (1851–1921). Identity grounding to Wikidata performed via the HGIS Canada Knowledge Graph project's MCP-assisted disambiguation pipeline. See the About / Methodology page for the full data pipeline.
Cite this page
Clifford, J. (2026). "Lancaster, Ontario (1861 census)" in HGIS Canada Knowledge Graph. Retrieved from https://jimclifford.ca/hgiscanada/places/on/lancaster-on073003-1861/.