Markham, Ontario (1851 census)
Markham was a census subdivision in York County, Ontario, recorded in the 1851 Census of Canada with a population of 7,752. The administrative centroid was at approximately 43.888°N, 79.316°W.
Population
In 1851, Markham had a population of 7,752: 3,974 male and 3,778 female residents. Population density was 67.2 people per square mile.
Population trajectory across census years
| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 1851 | 7,752 |
| 1861 | 8,658 |
| 1871 | 8,152 |
| 1881 | 6,375 |
| 1891 | 5,681 |
| 1901 | 5,378 |
| 1911 | 5,328 |
| 1921 | 5,267 |
Cross-year identity established by spatial polygon overlap (SAME_AS chains across the Canadian Census Subdivision boundary files).
Neighbouring Census Subdivisions in 1851
In the 1851 census, Markham shared boundaries with:
Full census record, 1851
The 1851 census recorded 442 measurements for this Census Subdivision across 7 categories. Tables below are collapsible.
Population & families (30 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| C10 FAM NO | 1,273 |
| Female members of the family who are absent | 15 |
| Female members of the family who are present | 3,346 |
| Females present who are not members of the family | 432 |
| Male members of the family who are present | 3,398 |
| Male members of the family who are present | 37 |
| Males present who are not members of the family | 576 |
| Number of blind females | 1 |
| Number of blind males | 1 |
| Number of deaf and dumb females | 1 |
| Number of families | 1,273 |
| Number of female births in the past year | 106 |
| Number of females | 3,778 |
| Number of females attending school | 502 |
| Number of lunatic females | 1 |
| Number of male births in the past year | 92 |
| Number of males | 3,974 |
| Number of males attending school | 611 |
| Number of married females | 1,204 |
| Number of married males | 1,206 |
| Number of persons at sea | 2 |
| Number of single females | 2,468 |
| Number of single males | 2,699 |
| Number of widowed females | 106 |
| Number of widowed males | 69 |
| POP | 7,752 |
| POP FX N.1 | 3,778 |
| POP MX N.1 | 3,974 |
| POP XX N.1 | 7,752 |
| Total population | 7,752 |
Age structure (62 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Number of females age 3 to 4 | 120 |
| Number of females aged 1 to 2 | 133 |
| Number of females aged 2 to 3 | 159 |
| Number of females aged 4 to 5 | 121 |
| Number of females aged 5 to 10 | 577 |
| Number of females of unknown age | 9 |
| Number of females under age 1 | 152 |
| Number of males aged 1 to 2 | 124 |
| Number of males aged 2 to 3 | 147 |
| Number of males aged 3 to 4 | 123 |
| Number of males aged 4 to 5 | 117 |
| Number of males aged 5 to 10 | 495 |
| Number of males of unknown age | 10 |
| Number of males under age 1 | 152 |
| Number of married females aged 15 to 20 | 50 |
| Number of married females aged 20 to 30 | 423 |
| Number of married females aged 30 to 40 | 331 |
| Number of married females aged 40 to 50 | 231 |
| Number of married females aged 50 to 60 | 111 |
| Number of married females aged 60 to 70 | 48 |
| Number of married females aged 70 to 80 | 9 |
| Number of married females aged 80 to 90 | 1 |
| Number of married males aged 15 to 20 | 3 |
| Number of married males aged 20 to 30 | 301 |
| Number of married males aged 30 to 40 | 351 |
| Number of married males aged 40 to 50 | 286 |
| Number of married males aged 50 to 60 | 166 |
| Number of married males aged 60 to 70 | 75 |
| Number of married males aged 70 to 80 | 20 |
| Number of married males aged 80 to 90 | 3 |
| Number of married males aged 90 to 100 | 1 |
| Number of single females aged 10 to 15 | 481 |
| Number of single females aged 15 to 20 | 426 |
| Number of single females aged 20 to 30 | 246 |
| Number of single females aged 30 to 40 | 20 |
| Number of single females aged 40 to 50 | 10 |
| Number of single females aged 50 to 60 | 7 |
| Number of single females aged 60 to 70 | 5 |
| Number of single females aged 70 to 80 | 2 |
| Number of single males aged 10 to 15 | 503 |
| Number of single males aged 15 to 20 | 442 |
| Number of single males aged 20 to 30 | 471 |
| Number of single males aged 30 to 40 | 67 |
| Number of single males aged 40 to 50 | 28 |
| Number of single males aged 50 to 60 | 14 |
| Number of single males aged 60 to 70 | 4 |
| Number of single males aged 70 to 80 | 2 |
| Number of widowed females aged 20 to 30 | 6 |
| Number of widowed females aged 30 to 40 | 16 |
| Number of widowed females aged 40 to 50 | 20 |
| Number of widowed females aged 50 to 60 | 27 |
| Number of widowed females aged 60 to 70 | 20 |
| Number of widowed females aged 70 to 80 | 10 |
| Number of widowed females aged 80 to 90 | 7 |
| Number of widowed males aged 20 to 30 | 3 |
| Number of widowed males aged 30 to 40 | 9 |
| Number of widowed males aged 40 to 50 | 17 |
| Number of widowed males aged 50 to 60 | 15 |
| Number of widowed males aged 60 to 70 | 14 |
| Number of widowed males aged 70 to 80 | 4 |
| Number of widowed males aged 80 to 90 | 6 |
| Number of widowed males aged 90 to 100 | 1 |
Ethnic origin (15 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Number of female negroes or coloured persons | 3 |
| Number of male negroes or coloured persons | 3 |
| Number of persons native to Canada, not of French origin | 4,794 |
| Number of persons originating in all other places | 10 |
| Number of persons originating in England or Wales | 1,149 |
| Number of persons originating in France | 2 |
| Number of persons originating in Germany or Holland | 58 |
| Number of persons originating in Ireland | 906 |
| Number of persons originating in Jersey or other British islands | 1 |
| Number of persons originating in New Brunswick | 35 |
| Number of persons originating in Nova Scotia or Prince Edward Island | 18 |
| Number of persons originating in Scotland | 360 |
| Number of persons originating in the United States | 362 |
| Number of persons originating in the West Indies | 1 |
| Number of persons whose origin is unknown | 54 |
Agriculture (71 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Acres of barley | 437 |
| Acres of buckwheat | 32 |
| Acres of corn | 188 |
| Acres of farmland in gardens or orchards | 752 |
| Acres of farmland in pasture | 12,087 |
| Acres of farmland in woodland or forest | 21,733 |
| Acres of farmland under crops | 27,017 |
| Acres of farmland under cultivation | 39,856 |
| Acres of land in farms | 61,589 |
| Acres of oats | 6,401 |
| Acres of peas | 3,731 |
| Acres of potatoes | 579 |
| Acres of rye | 75 |
| Acres of turnips | 52 |
| Acres of wheat | 10,080 |
| BAR AC | 437 |
| BAR BU | 12,188 |
| Barrels of beef produced in the past year | 1,089 |
| Barrels of pork produced in the past year | 5,931 |
| BEEF BAR | 1,089 |
| Bushels of barley produced in the past year | 12,188 |
| Bushels of beans produced in the past year | 58 |
| Bushels of buckwheat produced in the past year | 668 |
| Bushels of carrots produced in the past year | 1,234 |
| Bushels of clover, timothy, or other grass seed produced in the past year | 81 |
| Bushels of corn produced in the past year | 3,022 |
| Bushels of mangel wurtzel produced in the past year | 1,508 |
| Bushels of oats produced in the past year | 226,762 |
| Bushels of peas produced in the past year | 71,134 |
| Bushels of potatoes produced in the past year | 31,885 |
| Bushels of rye produced in the past year | 1,752 |
| Bushels of turnips produced in the past year | 19,508 |
| Bushels of wheat produced in the past year | 188,691 |
| BWT AC | 32 |
| BWT BU | 668 |
| CRN AC | 188 |
| CRN BU | 3,022 |
| Gallons of cider produced in the past year | 14,539 |
| HAY TONS | 5,635 |
| Number of bulls, oxen, or steers | 738 |
| Number of calves and heifers | 1,676 |
| Number of horses | 2,360 |
| Number of milk cows | 2,503 |
| Number of occupants of farms | 785 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 10 and 20 acres | 16 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 100 and 200 acres | 120 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 20 and 50 acres | 154 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 50 and 100 acres | 358 |
| Number of persons living on farms over 200 acres | 12 |
| Number of persons living on farms under 10 acres | 125 |
| Number of sheep | 10,270 |
| Number of swine | 5,962 |
| OAT AC | 6,401 |
| OAT BU | 226,762 |
| PEA AC | 3,731 |
| PEA BU | 71,134 |
| PORK BAR | 5,931 |
| POT AC | 579 |
| POT BU | 31,885 |
| Pounds of cheese produced on farms in the past year | 16,923 |
| Pounds of flax or hemp produced in the past year | 2,405 |
| Pounds of homemade butter | 156,030 |
| Pounds of hops produced in the past year | 67 |
| Pounds of maple sugar produced in the past year | 35,836 |
| Pounds of wool produced on farms in the past year | 26,496 |
| RYE AC | 75 |
| RYE BU | 1,752 |
| Tons of hay produced in the past year | 5,635 |
| WHT AC | 10,080 |
| WHT BU | 188,691 |
| WOOL LBS | 26,496 |
Manufacturing & industry (45 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Barrels of flour produced per day by grist mills reporting daily production | 80 |
| Barrels of flour produced per week by grist mills reporting weekly production | 500 |
| Barrels of flour produced per year by grist mills reporting annual production | 40,500 |
| Feet of lumber produced daily by saw mills reporting daily production | 2,960 |
| Feet of lumber produced per year by saw mills reporting annual production | 5,910,000 |
| Number of breweries | 1 |
| Number of breweries not reporting | 1 |
| Number of carding and fulling mills | 1 |
| Number of carding and fulling mills reporting | 1 |
| Number of carding and fulling mills returning capital | 600 |
| Number of distilleries | 2 |
| Number of distilleries reporting | 1 |
| Number of employees in carding and fulling mills | 4 |
| Number of employees in grist mills | 16 |
| Number of employees in saw mills | 13 |
| Number of grist mills | 8 |
| Number of grist mills not reporting | 2 |
| Number of grist mills powered by steam | 1 |
| Number of grist mills powered by water | 7 |
| Number of grist mills reporting annual production | 4 |
| Number of grist mills reporting daily production | 1 |
| Number of grist mills reporting weekly production | 1 |
| Number of grist mills returning capital | 8 |
| Number of saw mill plants | 3,000 |
| Number of saw mills | 30 |
| Number of saw mills not reporting | 2 |
| Number of saw mills powered by steam | 1 |
| Number of saw mills powered by water | 29 |
| Number of saw mills reporting annual production | 24 |
| Number of saw mills reporting daily production | 2 |
| Number of saw mills returning capital | 16 |
| Number of tanneries | 5 |
| Number of tanneries not reporting | 1 |
| Number of tanneries reporting | 5 |
| Number of tanneries returning capital | 6,150 |
| Number of woollen factories | 2 |
| Number of woollen factories reporting | 1 |
| Number of woollen factories returning capital | 5,000 |
| Pounds of wool produced in carding and fulling mills in the past year | 15,000 |
| Value of capital returned by grist mills (pounds sterling) | 15,370 |
| Value of capital returned by saw mills (pounds sterling) | 4,440 |
| Yards of cloth produced in carding and fulling mills in the past year | 2,000 |
| Yards of flannel produced in the past year | 9,070 |
| Yards of fulled cloth produced in the past year | 5,262 |
| Yards of linen produced in the past year | 135 |
Deaths & mortality (19 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 1 to 2 | 2 |
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 10 to 15 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 2 to 3 | 2 |
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 3 to 4 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 4 to 5 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 5 to 10 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among females of all ages | 29 |
| Deaths in the past year among females of unknown age | 14 |
| Deaths in the past year among females under age 1 | 7 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 1 to 2 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 15 to 20 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 40 to 50 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 5 to 10 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 60 to 70 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 70 to 80 | 2 |
| Deaths in the past year among males of all ages | 37 |
| Deaths in the past year among males of unknown age | 27 |
| Deaths in the past year among males under age 1 | 3 |
| Total number of deaths in the past year | 66 |
Other recorded variables (200 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| AT SEA | 2 |
| B LBS | 156,030 |
| BEN BU | 58 |
| BOV | 738 |
| C H | 1,676 |
| C LBS | 16,923 |
| C01 GM NO MILLS | 14 |
| C01 SEX MALE | 3,974 |
| C02 SEX FEM | 3,778 |
| C03 GM WATER | 14 |
| C03 TOTAL | 7,752 |
| C04 GM NO YEAR | 11 |
| C04 MEM OF FAM M | 3,398 |
| C05 GM BARRELS YEAR | 80,000 |
| C05 MEM OF FAM F | 3,346 |
| C06 NOT MEM OF FAM M | 576 |
| C07 NOT MEM OF FAM F | 432 |
| C08 MEM OF FAM ABSENT M | 37 |
| C09 MEM OF FAM ABSENT F | 15 |
| C10 GM ANNUAL NO | 1 |
| C100 BTWN 80 AND 90 M WID | 6 |
| C101 BTWN 80 AND 90 F MD | 1 |
| C103 BTWN 80 AND 90 F WID | 7 |
| C106 BTWN 90 AND 100 M MD | 1 |
| C108 BTWN 90 AND 100 M WID | 1 |
| C11 GM ANNUAL P | 350 |
| C12 BIRTHS M | 92 |
| C12 GM CAP NO | 10 |
| C122 AGES NOT GIVEN M | 10 |
| C123 AGES NOT GIVEN F | 9 |
| C124 DEATHS AGES NOT GIVEN M | 27 |
| C125 DEATHS AGES NOT GIVEN F | 14 |
| C126 MD MALE | 1,206 |
| C127 S MALE | 2,699 |
| C128 WID MALE | 69 |
| C129 TOT MALE | 3,974 |
| C13 BIRTHS F | 106 |
| C13 GM CAP P | 14,930 |
| C130 MD FEM | 1,204 |
| C131 S FEM | 2,468 |
| C132 WID FEM | 106 |
| C133 TOT FEM | 3,778 |
| C134 GRAND TOT | 7,752 |
| C135 DEATHS M | 37 |
| C136 DEATHS F | 29 |
| C137 DEATHS TOT | 66 |
| C14 GM HANDS | 24 |
| C14 UNDER 1 M | 152 |
| C141 COL PERSON M | 3 |
| C142 COL PERSONS F | 3 |
| C143 ATTND SCHOOL M | 611 |
| C144 ATTND SCHOOL F | 502 |
| C146 DEAF AND DUMB F | 1 |
| C147 BLIND M | 1 |
| C148 BLIND F | 1 |
| C15 GM NO RETURNS | 2 |
| C15 UNDER 1 F | 152 |
| C150 LUNATICS F | 1 |
| C16 DEATHS UNDER 1 M | 3 |
| C16 SM NO | 23 |
| C17 DEATHS UNDER 1 F | 7 |
| C17 SM STEAM | 3 |
| C18 SM WATER | 20 |
| C18 UNDER 2 M | 124 |
| C19 SM NO YEAR | 20 |
| C19 UNDER 2 F | 133 |
| C20 DEATHS UNDER 2 M | 1 |
| C20 SM FEET YEAR | 5,499,000 |
| C21 DEATHS UNDER 2 F | 2 |
| C22 UNDER 3 M | 147 |
| C23 UNDER 3 F | 159 |
| C25 DEATHS UNDER 3 F | 2 |
| C26 UNDER 4 M | 123 |
| C27 UNDER 4 F | 120 |
| C28 SM RETURNS NO | 17 |
| C29 DEATHS UNDER 4 F | 1 |
| C29 SM RETURNS P | 4,225 |
| C30 SM EMPLOYED | 36 |
| C30 UNDER 5 M | 117 |
| C31 SM NO RETURNS | 3 |
| C31 UNDER 5 F | 121 |
| C32 CFM NO | 2 |
| C33 CFM RETURNS | 2 |
| C33 DEATHS UNDER 5 F | 1 |
| C34 BTWN 5 AND 10 M | 495 |
| C35 BTWN 5 AND 10 F | 577 |
| C35 CFM WOOL | 1,600 |
| C36 DEATHS BTWN 5 AND 10 M | 1 |
| C37 CFM HANDS | 1 |
| C37 DEATHS BTWN 5 AND 10 F | 1 |
| C39 BTWN 10 AND 15 M S | 503 |
| C39 WF NO | 2 |
| C40 WF RETURNS | 2 |
| C41 BTWN 10 AND 15 F S | 481 |
| C41 WF CAPITAL | 1,500 |
| C43 BTWN 10 AND 15 F DEATHS | 1 |
| C43 WF CLOTH | 31,000 |
| C44 BTWN 15 AND 20 M MD | 3 |
| C44 WF HANDS | 15 |
| C45 BTWN 15 AND 20 M S | 442 |
| C46 BTWN 15 AND 20 F MD | 50 |
| C47 BTWN 15 AND 20 F S | 426 |
| C48 BTWN 15 AND 20 M DEATHS | 1 |
| C50 BTWN 20 AND 30 M MD | 301 |
| C51 BTWN 20 AND 30 M S | 471 |
| C52 BTWN 20 AND 30 M WID | 3 |
| C53 BTWN 20 AND 30 F MD | 423 |
| C54 BTWN 20 AND 30 F S | 246 |
| C54 TAN CAPITAL | 1,900 |
| C55 BTWN 20 AND 30 F WID | 6 |
| C55 TAN PRODUCE | 1,150 |
| C56 TAN HANDS | 22 |
| C58 BTWN 30 AND 40 M MD | 351 |
| C58 F NO | 3 |
| C59 BTWN 30 AND 40 M S | 67 |
| C59 F RETURNS | 1 |
| C60 BTWN 30 AND 40 M WID | 9 |
| C60 F CAPITAL | 300 |
| C61 BTWN 30 AND 40 F MD | 331 |
| C61 F PRODUCE | 300 |
| C62 BTWN 30 AND 40 F S | 20 |
| C62 F HANDS | 3 |
| C63 BTWN 30 AND 40 F WID | 16 |
| C64 BREW NO | 1 |
| C65 BREW RETURNS | 1 |
| C66 BREW CAPITAL | 300 |
| C66 BTWN 40 AND 50 M MD | 286 |
| C67 BREW PRODUCE | 6,200 |
| C67 BTWN 40 AND 50 M S | 28 |
| C68 BREW HANDS | 2 |
| C68 BTWN 40 AND 50 M WID | 17 |
| C69 BTWN 40 AND 50 F MD | 231 |
| C70 BTWN 40 AND 50 F S | 10 |
| C71 BTWN 40 AND 50 F WID | 20 |
| C72 BTWN 40 AND 50 M DEATHS | 1 |
| C74 BTWN 50 AND 60 M MD | 166 |
| C75 BTWN 50 AND 60 M S | 14 |
| C76 BTWN 50 AND 60 M WID | 15 |
| C77 BTWN 50 AND 60 F MD | 111 |
| C78 BTWN 50 AND 60 F S | 7 |
| C79 BTWN 50 AND 60 F WID | 27 |
| C82 BTWN 60 AND 70 M MD | 75 |
| C83 BTWN 60 AND 70 M S | 4 |
| C84 BTWN 60 AND 70 M WID | 14 |
| C85 BTWN 60 AND 70 F MD | 48 |
| C86 BTWN 60 AND 70 F S | 5 |
| C87 BTWN 60 AND 70 F WID | 20 |
| C88 BTWN 60 AND 70 M DEATHS | 1 |
| C90 BTWN 70 AND 80 M MD | 20 |
| C91 BTWN 70 AND 80 M S | 2 |
| C92 BTWN 70 AND 80 M WID | 4 |
| C93 BTWN 70 AND 80 F MD | 9 |
| C94 BTWN 70 AND 80 F S | 2 |
| C95 BTWN 70 AND 80 F WID | 10 |
| C96 BTWN 70 AND 80 M DEATHS | 2 |
| C98 BTWN 80 AND 90 M MD | 3 |
| CAR BU | 1,234 |
| CD NAME | York |
| CID GAL | 14,539 |
| CROP | 27,017 |
| CULT | 39,856 |
| DE NL | 58 |
| ENG WLS | 1,149 |
| FC YRDS | 5,262 |
| FLAN YRDS | 9,070 |
| FLX LBS | 2,405 |
| FR | 2 |
| GARDEN | 752 |
| GRA BU | 81 |
| HELD | 61,589 |
| HOP LBS | 67 |
| HORSE | 2,360 |
| IRE | 906 |
| JE AND OTHR BI | 1 |
| LIN YRDS | 135 |
| LINE NO | 381 |
| M COWS | 2,503 |
| MPLS LBS | 35,836 |
| MW BU | 1,508 |
| NB | 35 |
| NOT FRN | 4,794 |
| NOT KNOWN | 54 |
| NS PEI | 18 |
| O 10 TO 20 | 16 |
| O 100 TO 200 | 120 |
| O 20 TO 50 | 154 |
| O 50 TO 100 | 358 |
| O OVR 200 | 12 |
| O UNDR 10 | 125 |
| OTHER PL | 10 |
| PASTURE | 12,087 |
| SCOT | 360 |
| SHEEP | 10,270 |
| SWINE | 5,962 |
| TOT O | 785 |
| TUR AC | 52 |
| TUR BU | 19,508 |
| US | 362 |
| WOOD | 21,733 |
| WST IN | 1 |
Identifiers
- TCP UID:
ON042003— year-scoped identifier from the Canadian Census Subdivision boundary file - Persistent place ID:
PLACE_ON154006— computed from spatial-overlap chains across census years - Wikidata: not yet grounded. This page covers a place whose persistent identity has not yet been linked to a Wikidata entity. Identification is via TCP UID and spatial polygon only.
Sources
Census tabulations from the 1851 Census of Canada, transcribed and georeferenced by the Canadian Peoples / TCP project, hosted at the HGIS Lab, University of Saskatchewan. Persistent place identity computed from spatial-overlap chains across all available census years (1851–1921). Identity grounding to Wikidata performed via the HGIS Canada Knowledge Graph project's MCP-assisted disambiguation pipeline. See the About / Methodology page for the full data pipeline.
Cite this page
Clifford, J. (2026). "Markham, Ontario (1851 census)" in HGIS Canada Knowledge Graph. Retrieved from https://jimclifford.ca/hgiscanada/places/on/markham-on042003-1851/.