Markham, Ontario (1861 census)

Markham was a census subdivision in Ontario, recorded in the 1861 Census of Canada with a population of 8,658. The community is grounded to Wikidata Q6771030. The administrative centroid was at approximately 43.888°N, 79.316°W.

Population

In 1861, Markham had a population of 8,658: 4,440 male and 4,218 female residents.

Population trajectory across census years

Cross-year identity established by spatial polygon overlap (SAME_AS chains across the Canadian Census Subdivision boundary files).

Neighbouring Census Subdivisions in 1861

In the 1861 census, Markham shared boundaries with:

• Pickering
• Scarborough
• Uxbridge
• Vaughan
• Whitchurch
• York

Full census record, 1861

The 1861 census recorded 196 measurements for this Census Subdivision across 6 categories.

Population & families (1861). This community's record includes 8,658 total population, 4,440 males, 4,218 females, Male members of the family who are present: 3,940, Female members of the family who are present: 3,800, 3,127 single males, 2,877 single females, 1,264 married females, 1,264 married males, 810 females attending school, 808 males attending school, Males present who are not members of the family: 500, Females present who are not members of the family: 418, 188 male births, 182 female births, 98 adult females unable to read or write, 86 adult males unable to read or write, 77 widowed females, 49 widowed males, 9 lunatic males, 4 lunatic females, 2 deaf and dumb females, 1 deaf and dumb males. (Source: 1861 Census of Canada, V1T5.)

Age structure (1861). This community's record includes 520 males aged 5 to 10, 510 single males aged 10 to 15, 508 females aged 5 to 10, 500 single females aged 10 to 15, 484 single females aged 15 to 20, 474 single males aged 15 to 20, 474 single males aged 20 to 30, 420 married females aged 30 to 40, 415 married males aged 30 to 40, 395 married males aged 40 to 50, 360 married females aged 40 to 50, 290 single females aged 20 to 30, 270 married females aged 20 to 30, 175 males aged 2 to 3, 172 females aged 1 to 2, 172 females aged 2 to 3, 170 males aged 1 to 2, 170 males aged 3 to 4, 170 married males aged 20 to 30, 170 single males aged 30 to 40, 169 married males aged 50 to 60, 168 males aged 4 to 5, 161 females age 3 to 4, 160 females aged 4 to 5, 156 single females aged 30 to 40, 120 married females aged 50 to 60, 89 married males aged 60 to 70, 70 single males aged 40 to 50, 65 married females aged 60 to 70, 59 single females aged 40 to 50, 19 married females aged 70 to 80, 19 married males aged 70 to 80, 19 widowed females aged 50 to 60, 15 males of unknown age, 14 widowed females aged 40 to 50, 13 single females aged 50 to 60, 12 single males aged 50 to 60, 12 widowed females aged 30 to 40, 12 widowed females aged 70 to 80, 11 widowed females aged 60 to 70, 11 widowed males aged 60 to 70, 10 widowed males aged 50 to 60, 9 females of unknown age, 9 widowed males aged 40 to 50, 8 married females aged 15 to 20, 8 widowed males aged 30 to 40, 7 single females aged 60 to 70, 5 single males aged 60 to 70, 5 widowed males aged 70 to 80, 5 widowed males aged 80 to 90, 4 widowed females aged 20 to 30, 4 widowed males aged 20 to 30, 3 married males aged 15 to 20, 3 single females aged 70 to 80, 3 single males aged 70 to 80, 1 married females aged 90 to 100, 1 married males aged 80 to 90, 1 married males aged 90 to 100, 1 single males aged 80 to 90. (Source: 1861 Census of Canada, V1T5.)

Ethnic origin (1861). This community's record includes 5,621 persons native to Canada, not of French origin, 1,372 persons originating in England or Wales, 708 persons originating in Ireland, 469 persons originating in Scotland, 288 persons originating in the United States, 73 persons originating in Germany or Holland, 49 French Canadians, 25 persons originating in New Brunswick, 17 persons originating in Switzerland, 13 persons originating in Nova Scotia or Prince Edward Island, 8 negroes or coloured persons, 6 persons whose origin is unknown, 5 persons originating in Newfoundland, 4 female negroes or coloured persons, 4 male negroes or coloured persons, 3 persons originating in France, 1 persons originating in all other places, 1 persons originating in Sweden or Norway, 1 persons originating in the East Indies, 1 persons originating in the West Indies. 4 persons originating in Guernsey, Jersey, or other British islands. (Source: 1861 Census of Canada, V1T1; V1T5.) The 1861 enumerator also recorded 1 persons originating in Russia or Poland — single-county tallies of limited cross-year comparability.

Agriculture (1861). This community's record includes $4,357,035 value farms (dollars), $378,053 value all livestock, 294,966 bushels of oats, $185,561 value horses aged over 3 years, 179,947 pounds of homemade butter, 145,473 bushels of turnips, $138,998 value farm implements in dollars, 132,540 bushels of peas, 129,531 bushels of winter wheat, 95,713 bushels of potatoes, 89,123 bushels of spring wheat, 64,881 acres of land in farms, 61,240 bushels of carrots, 57,264 bushels of barley, 49,567 acres of farmland under cultivation, 44,950 gallons of cider, 43,673 pounds of maple sugar, 40,054 acres of farmland under crops, 31,563 bushels of mangel wurtzel, 29,682 pounds of wool produced on farms, 23,458 pounds of cheese produced on farms, $17,077 value garden and orchard crops, 15,314 acres of farmland in woodland or forest, 8,877 sheep, 8,535 acres of farmland in pasture, 7,304 swine, 7,227 acres of winter wheat, 6,761 acres of oats, 5,737 pounds of flax or hemp, 5,082 acres of spring wheat, 4,932 acres of peas, 4,069 tons of hay, 3,396 barrels of pork, 3,043 bushels of corn, 3,011 milk cows, 2,544 horses aged over 3 years, 2,096 calves and heifers, 1,810 acres of barley, 1,698 bushels of buckwheat, 1,260 acres of farmland held by townspeople who are not farmers, 978 acres of farmland in gardens, 851 acres of potatoes, 749 horses aged 3 years and under, 705 occupants of farms, 584 barrels of beef, 491 acres of turnips, 333 persons living on farms between 50 and 100 acres, 216 bulls, oxen, or steers, 190 bushels of rye, 160 persons living on farms between 20 and 50 acres, 156 persons living on farms between 100 and 200 acres, 140 pounds of hops, 115 bushels of clover, timothy, or other grass seed, 109 acres of mangel wurtzel, 103 acres of corn, 61 acres of buckwheat, 52 bushels of beans, 25 persons living on farms under 10 acres, 18 persons living on farms over 200 acres, 13 persons living on farms between 10 and 20 acres, 11 acres of rye. (Source: 1861 Census of Canada, V2T11.)

Manufacturing & industry (1861). This community's record includes $55,319 value carriages for pleasure (dollars), 8,625 yards of flannel, 2,991 yards of fulled cloth, $1,275 value carriages for hire (dollars), 830 carriages for pleasure, 132 yards of linen, 15 carriages for hire. (Source: 1861 Census of Canada, V2T11.)

Deaths & mortality (1861). This community's record includes 39 total number of deaths, Deaths in the past year among males of all ages: 20, Deaths in the past year among females of all ages: 19, Deaths in the past year among males under age 1: 8, Deaths in the past year among females of unknown age: 5, Deaths in the past year among females aged 15 to 20: 3, Deaths in the past year among females aged 30 to 40: 2, Deaths in the past year among females aged 40 to 50: 2, Deaths in the past year among females aged 60 to 70: 2, Deaths in the past year among males aged 15 to 20: 2, Deaths in the past year among males of unknown age: 2, Deaths in the past year among females aged 1 to 2: 1, Deaths in the past year among females aged 3 to 4: 1, Deaths in the past year among females aged 70 to 80: 1, Deaths in the past year among females aged 80 to 90: 1, Deaths in the past year among females under age 1: 1, Deaths in the past year among males age 3 to 4: 1, Deaths in the past year among males aged 1 to 2: 1, Deaths in the past year among males aged 2 to 3: 1, Deaths in the past year among males aged 30 to 40: 1, Deaths in the past year among males aged 4 to 5: 1, Deaths in the past year among males aged 40 to 50: 1, Deaths in the past year among males aged 5 to 10: 1, Deaths in the past year among males aged 60 to 70: 1. (Source: 1861 Census of Canada, V1T5.)

People with Dictionary of Canadian Biography entries

The Dictionary of Canadian Biography includes biographies of 5 people connected to this place who were alive in 1861, listed below by birth year. Each name links to that person's DCB entry.

Identifiers

• TCP UID: ON105007 — year-scoped identifier from the Canadian Census Subdivision boundary file
• Persistent place ID: PLACE_ON045004 — computed from spatial-overlap chains across census years
• Wikidata: Q6771030
• Wikipedia (EN): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markham_Village

Sources

Census tabulations from the 1861 Census of Canada, transcribed and georeferenced by the Canadian Peoples / TCP project, hosted at the HGIS Lab, University of Saskatchewan. Persistent place identity computed from spatial-overlap chains across all available census years (1851–1921). Identity grounding to Wikidata performed via the HGIS Canada Knowledge Graph project's MCP-assisted disambiguation pipeline. See the About / Methodology page for the full data pipeline.

Cite this page

Clifford, J. (2026). "Markham, Ontario (1861 census)" in HGIS Canada Knowledge Graph. Retrieved from https://jimclifford.ca/hgiscanada/places/on/markham-on105007-1861/.