Markham, Ontario (1891 census)
Markham was a census subdivision in Ontario, recorded in the 1891 Census of Canada with a population of 5,681. The administrative centroid was at approximately 43.888°N, 79.317°W.
Population
In 1891, Markham had a population of 5,681: 2,928 male and 2,753 female residents. Population density was 49.7 people per square mile.
Population trajectory across census years
| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 1851 | 7,752 |
| 1861 | 8,658 |
| 1871 | 8,152 |
| 1881 | 6,375 |
| 1891 | 5,681 |
| 1901 | 5,378 |
| 1911 | 5,328 |
| 1921 | 5,267 |
Cross-year identity established by spatial polygon overlap (SAME_AS chains across the Canadian Census Subdivision boundary files).
Boundary continuity (non-identical overlaps)
Spatial polygon overlaps with adjacent census years where the boundary shifted enough that the SAME_AS chain didn't merge them. These show where the territory came from and went to even when it isn't tracked as the same persistent place.
Earlier boundary forms
- In an earlier year, this CSD contained Stouffville, Village, 1881 (0.7% share).
Neighbouring Census Subdivisions in 1891
In the 1891 census, Markham shared boundaries with:
Full census record, 1891
The 1891 census recorded 179 measurements for this Census Subdivision across 6 categories. Tables below are collapsible.
Population & families (15 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Average size of families | 4.70 |
| FAM NO | 1,194 |
| Number of families | 1,194 |
| Number of females | 2,753 |
| Number of males | 2,928 |
| Number of married females | 1,035 |
| Number of married males | 1,040 |
| Number of married persons | 2,075 |
| Number of widowed females | 156 |
| Number of widowed males | 87 |
| Number of widowed persons | 243 |
| POP F | 2,753 |
| POP M | 2,928 |
| POP TOT | 5,681 |
| Total population | 5,681 |
Age structure (3 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Number of single females under 18 | 1,562 |
| Number of single males under 18 | 1,801 |
| Number of single persons under 18 | 3,363 |
Ethnic origin (1 variable)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Number of persons who are not French Canadian | 5,681 |
Buildings & housing (19 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Number of dwellings that are vessels and shanties | 1 |
| Number of houses | 1,182 |
| Number of houses built of brick | 264 |
| Number of houses built of stone | 46 |
| Number of houses built of wood | 872 |
| Number of houses of 1 room | 1 |
| Number of houses of 1 story | 338 |
| Number of houses of 11 to 15 rooms | 76 |
| Number of houses of 2 rooms | 9 |
| Number of houses of 2 stories | 843 |
| Number of houses of 3 rooms | 60 |
| Number of houses of 3 stories | 1 |
| Number of houses of 4 rooms | 94 |
| Number of houses of 5 rooms | 146 |
| Number of houses of 6 to 10 rooms | 789 |
| Number of houses of over 15 rooms | 7 |
| Number of houses under construction | 7 |
| Number of occupied houses | 1,183 |
| Number of uninhabited houses | 46 |
Agriculture (69 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Acres of barley | 8,581 |
| Acres of farmland in gardens or orchards | 1,573 |
| Acres of farmland in pasture | 7,477 |
| Acres of farmland in woodland or forest | 5,593 |
| Acres of farmland under crops | 51,386 |
| Acres of hay crops | 9,565 |
| Acres of improved land in farms | 60,436 |
| Acres of land in farms | 66,029 |
| Acres of oats | 11,214 |
| Acres of potatoes | 893 |
| Acres of turnips | 911 |
| Acres of wheat | 6,348 |
| BAR AC | 8,581 |
| BAR BU | 213,025 |
| Bushels of barley produced in the past year | 213,025 |
| Bushels of beans produced in the past year | 176 |
| Bushels of buckwheat produced in the past year | 61 |
| Bushels of clover, timothy, or other grass seed produced in the past year | 1,864 |
| Bushels of corn produced in the past year | 6,100 |
| Bushels of oats produced in the past year | 334,677 |
| Bushels of peas produced in the past year | 84,635 |
| Bushels of potatoes produced in the past year | 62,720 |
| Bushels of rye produced in the past year | 262 |
| Bushels of spring wheat produced in the past year | 50,043 |
| Bushels of turnips produced in the past year | 314,309 |
| Bushels of winter wheat produced in the past year | 65,561 |
| BWT BU | 61 |
| Capacity of silos (tons) | 160 |
| CRN BU | 6,100 |
| HAY AC | 9,565 |
| HAY TONS | 15,115 |
| Number of cattle killed or sold in the past year | 979 |
| Number of chickens | 32,310 |
| Number of ducks | 555 |
| Number of employees on farms | 4 |
| Number of farm occupants who own their land | 703 |
| Number of farm occupants who rent their land | 450 |
| Number of geese | 870 |
| Number of horses aged 3 years and under | 1,220 |
| Number of horses aged over 3 years | 2,724 |
| Number of milk cows | 3,047 |
| Number of occupants of farms | 1,157 |
| Number of other cattle | 2,237 |
| Number of other fowl | 101 |
| Number of oxen | 2 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 101 and 200 acres | 177 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 11 and 50 acres | 107 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 51 and 100 acres | 310 |
| Number of persons living on farms over 200 acres | 28 |
| Number of persons living on farms under 10 acres | 535 |
| Number of sheep | 4,463 |
| Number of sheep slaughtered or sold | 1,503 |
| Number of swine | 6,652 |
| Number of swine slaughtered or sold | 9,158 |
| Number of turkeys | 810 |
| OAT AC | 11,214 |
| OAT BU | 334,677 |
| PEA BU | 84,635 |
| POT AC | 893 |
| POT BU | 62,720 |
| Pounds of cheese produced on farms in the past year | 378 |
| Pounds of coarse wool produced on farms in the past year | 13,677 |
| Pounds of fine wool produced on farms in the past year | 7,788 |
| Pounds of homemade butter | 308,861 |
| RYE BU | 262 |
| Tons of hay produced in the past year | 15,115 |
| WHT AC | 6,348 |
| WHT FALL BU | 65,561 |
| WHT SP BU | 50,043 |
Other recorded variables (72 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| A 101 200 | 177 |
| A 11 50 | 107 |
| A 201 PL | 28 |
| A 51 100 | 310 |
| BEN BU | 176 |
| BUTTER LB | 308,861 |
| CATTLE KS | 979 |
| CHEESE LB | 378 |
| CHILD AND UNMD FEM | 1,562 |
| CHILD AND UNMD MALE | 1,801 |
| CHILD AND UNMD TOT | 3,363 |
| COARSE WOOL LB | 13,677 |
| COLTS FILLIES | 1,220 |
| DUCKS | 555 |
| FAMILIES | 1,194 |
| FAMILIES AV SIZE | 4.70 |
| FINE WOOL LB | 7,788 |
| FRN CA | 0 |
| GEESE | 870 |
| GRA BU | 1,864 |
| HENS AND CHKN | 32,310 |
| HORSES OVR THREE | 2,724 |
| HOUSES | 1,182 |
| HOUSES B | 264 |
| HOUSES CON | 7 |
| HOUSES ELVN TO FIFTN RM | 76 |
| HOUSES FIVE RM | 146 |
| HOUSES FOUR RM | 94 |
| HOUSES ONE RM | 1 |
| HOUSES ONE STRY | 338 |
| HOUSES S | 46 |
| HOUSES SIX TO TEN RM | 789 |
| HOUSES SIXTN OVR RM | 7 |
| HOUSES THREE RM | 60 |
| HOUSES THREE STRY | 1 |
| HOUSES TWO RM | 9 |
| HOUSES TWO STRY | 843 |
| HOUSES UNINH | 46 |
| HOUSES W | 872 |
| INF 11 A | 535 |
| MD FEM | 1,035 |
| MD MALE | 1,040 |
| MD TOT | 2,075 |
| MILK COWS | 3,047 |
| NAME CD | York, East-Est |
| OC E | 4 |
| OC F | 450 |
| OC P | 703 |
| OC TOT | 1,157 |
| OTHER FOWL | 101 |
| OTHER HRN CATTLE | 2,237 |
| OTHERS | 5,681 |
| SHEEP | 4,463 |
| SHEEP KS | 1,503 |
| SILOS | 160 |
| SUP AM | 60,436 |
| SUP FOR | 5,593 |
| SUP JV | 1,573 |
| SUP PAT | 7,477 |
| SUP SC | 51,386 |
| SUP TOT | 66,029 |
| SWINE | 6,652 |
| SWINE KS | 9,158 |
| TOT DWLG OCC | 1,183 |
| TUR AC | 911 |
| TUR BU | 314,309 |
| TURKEY | 810 |
| VESS AND SHAN | 1 |
| WID FEM | 156 |
| WID MALE | 87 |
| WID TOT | 243 |
| WORKING OX | 2 |
Identifiers
- TCP UID:
ON131001— year-scoped identifier from the Canadian Census Subdivision boundary file - Persistent place ID:
PLACE_ON154006— computed from spatial-overlap chains across census years - Wikidata: not yet grounded. This page covers a place whose persistent identity has not yet been linked to a Wikidata entity. Identification is via TCP UID and spatial polygon only.
Sources
Census tabulations from the 1891 Census of Canada, transcribed and georeferenced by the Canadian Peoples / TCP project, hosted at the HGIS Lab, University of Saskatchewan. Persistent place identity computed from spatial-overlap chains across all available census years (1851–1921). Identity grounding to Wikidata performed via the HGIS Canada Knowledge Graph project's MCP-assisted disambiguation pipeline. See the About / Methodology page for the full data pipeline.
Cite this page
Clifford, J. (2026). "Markham, Ontario (1891 census)" in HGIS Canada Knowledge Graph. Retrieved from https://jimclifford.ca/hgiscanada/places/on/markham-on131001-1891/.