Orford, Ontario (1861 census)

Orford was a census subdivision in Ontario, recorded in the 1861 Census of Canada with a population of 2,554. The administrative centroid was at approximately 42.513°N, 81.805°W.

Population

In 1861, Orford had a population of 2,554: 1,325 male and 1,229 female residents.

Population trajectory across census years

Cross-year identity established by spatial polygon overlap (SAME_AS chains across the Canadian Census Subdivision boundary files).

Boundary continuity (non-identical overlaps)

Spatial polygon overlaps with adjacent census years where the boundary shifted enough that the SAME_AS chain didn't merge them. These show where the territory came from and went to even when it isn't tracked as the same persistent place.

Earlier boundary forms

• In an earlier year, this CSD was contained in Howard & Orford, 1851 (46.8% share).

Neighbouring Census Subdivisions in 1861

In the 1861 census, Orford shared boundaries with:

• Aldborough
• Camden and Gore
• Howard

Full census record, 1861

The 1861 census recorded 174 measurements for this Census Subdivision across 7 categories.

Population & families (1861). This community's record includes 2,554 total population, 1,325 males, Male members of the family who are present: 1,244, 1,229 females, Female members of the family who are present: 1,164, 942 single males, 811 single females, 379 married females, 356 married males, 214 males attending school, 159 females attending school, Males present who are not members of the family: 81, Females present who are not members of the family: 65, 53 adult males unable to read or write, 52 female births, 50 male births, 39 widowed females, 31 adult females unable to read or write, 27 widowed males, 5 persons at sea. (Source: 1861 Census of Canada, V1T1; V1T5.)

Age structure (1861). This community's record includes 180 single males aged 20 to 30, 176 males aged 5 to 10, 160 single females aged 10 to 15, 158 single males aged 10 to 15, 154 females aged 5 to 10, 150 single females aged 15 to 20, 130 single males aged 15 to 20, 118 married females aged 30 to 40, 106 married males aged 30 to 40, 102 married females aged 20 to 30, 92 single females aged 20 to 30, 88 married females aged 40 to 50, 84 married males aged 40 to 50, 66 married males aged 20 to 30, 56 males aged 1 to 2, 56 married males aged 50 to 60, 52 females aged 1 to 2, 48 females aged 2 to 3, 46 males aged 3 to 4, 42 males aged 2 to 3, 40 males aged 4 to 5, 40 married females aged 50 to 60, 38 females aged 4 to 5, 36 females age 3 to 4, 32 married males aged 60 to 70, 32 single males aged 30 to 40, 18 married females aged 60 to 70, 14 females of unknown age, 14 males of unknown age, 14 widowed females aged 40 to 50, 12 married males aged 70 to 80, 8 married females aged 15 to 20, 8 single females aged 30 to 40, 8 widowed females aged 60 to 70, 8 widowed males aged 70 to 80, 7 widowed males aged 50 to 60, 6 single males aged 50 to 60, 6 single males aged 70 to 80, 6 widowed females aged 50 to 60, 6 widowed males aged 60 to 70, 5 widowed females aged 70 to 80, 4 married females aged 70 to 80, 4 single males aged 60 to 70, 3 widowed females aged 30 to 40, 3 widowed males aged 40 to 50, 2 single females aged 40 to 50, 2 single females aged 60 to 70, 2 single females aged 70 to 80, 2 single males aged 40 to 50, 2 widowed females aged 90 to 100, 2 widowed males aged 30 to 40, 1 married females aged 80 to 90, 1 widowed females aged 20 to 30, 1 widowed males aged 20 to 30. (Source: 1861 Census of Canada, V1T5.)

Ethnic origin (1861). This community's record includes 1,794 persons native to Canada, not of French origin, 296 persons originating in Scotland, 189 male negroes or coloured persons, 180 female negroes or coloured persons, 174 persons originating in England or Wales, 143 persons originating in Ireland, 93 persons originating in the United States, 18 persons originating in Germany or Holland, 14 persons originating in Nova Scotia or Prince Edward Island, 12 persons originating in France, 4 persons originating in New Brunswick. (Source: 1861 Census of Canada, V1T1; V1T5.) The 1861 enumerator also recorded 1 persons originating in Russia or Poland — single-county tallies of limited cross-year comparability.

Agriculture (1861). This community's record includes $815,490 value farms (dollars), $102,964 value all livestock, 60,966 pounds of homemade butter, 37,043 acres of land in farms, $35,878 value horses aged over 3 years, 33,189 bushels of oats, 26,092 bushels of potatoes, 26,025 bushels of turnips, 25,593 acres of farmland in woodland or forest, $21,952 value farm implements in dollars, 21,428 bushels of corn, 18,834 bushels of peas, 17,791 bushels of winter wheat, 13,375 pounds of wool produced on farms, 12,126 pounds of maple sugar, 11,450 acres of farmland under cultivation, 7,998 gallons of cider, 7,502 pounds of cheese produced on farms, 6,634 acres of farmland under crops, 6,592 bushels of spring wheat, $5,888 value garden and orchard crops, 4,964 bushels of buckwheat, 4,603 acres of farmland in pasture, 4,031 sheep, 3,009 bushels of barley, 2,782 swine, 2,186 tons of hay, 1,305 calves and heifers, 1,185 acres of winter wheat, 971 bushels of mangel wurtzel, 908 milk cows, 889 acres of peas, 887 acres of oats, 846 acres of corn, 791 barrels of pork, 770 bushels of beans, 543 acres of spring wheat, 535 horses aged over 3 years, 454 bushels of rye, 380 occupants of farms, 304 acres of buckwheat, 271 bulls, oxen, or steers, 255 acres of potatoes, 213 acres of farmland in gardens, 184 horses aged 3 years and under, 165 persons living on farms between 50 and 100 acres, 161 barrels of beef, 160 bushels of carrots, 121 acres of barley, 102 bushels of clover, timothy, or other grass seed, 100 persons living on farms between 20 and 50 acres, 92 persons living on farms between 100 and 200 acres, 71 acres of turnips, 70 acres of farmland held by townspeople who are not farmers, 61 pounds of hops, 45 acres of rye, 14 persons living on farms over 200 acres, 6 acres of mangel wurtzel, 6 persons living on farms under 10 acres, 3 persons living on farms between 10 and 20 acres. (Source: 1861 Census of Canada, V2T11.)

Manufacturing & industry (1861). This community's record includes 4,227 yards of flannel, $3,635 value carriages for pleasure (dollars), 1,666 yards of fulled cloth, 100 yards of linen, $55 value carriages for hire (dollars), 49 carriages for pleasure, 2 carriages for hire. (Source: 1861 Census of Canada, V2T11.)

Fisheries (1861). This community's record includes 100 pounds of fresh fish sold, 1 barrels of salted fish sold. (Source: 1861 Census of Canada, V2T11.)

Deaths & mortality (1861). This community's record includes 27 total number of deaths, Deaths in the past year among females of all ages: 14, Deaths in the past year among males of all ages: 13, Deaths in the past year among males aged 2 to 3: 4, Deaths in the past year among females aged 1 to 2: 3, Deaths in the past year among females of unknown age: 3, Deaths in the past year among males of unknown age: 3, Deaths in the past year among females aged 20 to 30: 2, Deaths in the past year among males aged 5 to 10: 2, Deaths in the past year among females aged 10 to 15: 1, Deaths in the past year among females aged 4 to 5: 1, Deaths in the past year among females aged 5 to 10: 1, Deaths in the past year among females aged 50 to 60: 1, Deaths in the past year among females aged 60 to 70: 1, Deaths in the past year among females aged 80 to 90: 1, Deaths in the past year among females under age 1: 1, Deaths in the past year among males aged 1 to 2: 1, Deaths in the past year among males aged 15 to 20: 1, Deaths in the past year among males aged 60 to 70: 1. (Source: 1861 Census of Canada, V1T5.)

Identifiers

• TCP UID: ON080007 — year-scoped identifier from the Canadian Census Subdivision boundary file
• Persistent place ID: PLACE_ON121006 — computed from spatial-overlap chains across census years
• Wikidata: not yet grounded. This page covers a place whose persistent identity has not yet been linked to a Wikidata entity. Identification is via TCP UID and spatial polygon only.

Sources

Census tabulations from the 1861 Census of Canada, transcribed and georeferenced by the Canadian Peoples / TCP project, hosted at the HGIS Lab, University of Saskatchewan. Persistent place identity computed from spatial-overlap chains across all available census years (1851–1921). Identity grounding to Wikidata performed via the HGIS Canada Knowledge Graph project's MCP-assisted disambiguation pipeline. See the About / Methodology page for the full data pipeline.

Cite this page

Clifford, J. (2026). "Orford, Ontario (1861 census)" in HGIS Canada Knowledge Graph. Retrieved from https://jimclifford.ca/hgiscanada/places/on/orford-on080007-1861/.