Windham, Ontario (1851 census)
Windham was a census subdivision in Norfolk County, Ontario, recorded in the 1851 Census of Canada with a population of 2,900. The administrative centroid was at approximately 42.915°N, 80.425°W.
Population
In 1851, Windham had a population of 2,900: 1,508 male and 1,392 female residents. Population density was 25.5 people per square mile.
Population trajectory across census years
| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 1851 | 2,900 |
| 1861 | 4,095 |
| 1871 | 4,799 |
| 1881 | 4,913 |
| 1891 | 4,252 |
| 1901 | 3,884 |
| 1911 | 3,453 |
| 1921 | 3,259 |
Cross-year identity established by spatial polygon overlap (SAME_AS chains across the Canadian Census Subdivision boundary files).
Neighbouring Census Subdivisions in 1851
In the 1851 census, Windham shared boundaries with:
Full census record, 1851
The 1851 census recorded 367 measurements for this Census Subdivision across 7 categories. Tables below are collapsible.
Population & families (28 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| C10 FAM NO | 487 |
| Female members of the family who are present | 1,308 |
| Females present who are not members of the family | 84 |
| Male members of the family who are present | 1,410 |
| Male members of the family who are present | 1 |
| Males present who are not members of the family | 98 |
| Number of blind males | 1 |
| Number of families | 487 |
| Number of female births in the past year | 66 |
| Number of females | 1,392 |
| Number of females attending school | 252 |
| Number of lunatic females | 1 |
| Number of lunatic males | 2 |
| Number of male births in the past year | 65 |
| Number of males | 1,508 |
| Number of males attending school | 286 |
| Number of married females | 465 |
| Number of married males | 451 |
| Number of persons at sea | 1 |
| Number of single females | 896 |
| Number of single males | 1,040 |
| Number of widowed females | 31 |
| Number of widowed males | 17 |
| POP | 2,900 |
| POP FX N.1 | 1,392 |
| POP MX N.1 | 1,508 |
| POP XX N.1 | 2,900 |
| Total population | 2,900 |
Age structure (56 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Number of females age 3 to 4 | 58 |
| Number of females aged 1 to 2 | 57 |
| Number of females aged 2 to 3 | 52 |
| Number of females aged 4 to 5 | 47 |
| Number of females aged 5 to 10 | 221 |
| Number of females of unknown age | 3 |
| Number of females under age 1 | 66 |
| Number of males aged 1 to 2 | 61 |
| Number of males aged 2 to 3 | 55 |
| Number of males aged 3 to 4 | 52 |
| Number of males aged 4 to 5 | 36 |
| Number of males aged 5 to 10 | 222 |
| Number of males of unknown age | 3 |
| Number of males under age 1 | 65 |
| Number of married females aged 15 to 20 | 14 |
| Number of married females aged 20 to 30 | 157 |
| Number of married females aged 30 to 40 | 153 |
| Number of married females aged 40 to 50 | 69 |
| Number of married females aged 50 to 60 | 53 |
| Number of married females aged 60 to 70 | 15 |
| Number of married females aged 70 to 80 | 4 |
| Number of married males aged 15 to 20 | 3 |
| Number of married males aged 20 to 30 | 80 |
| Number of married males aged 30 to 40 | 156 |
| Number of married males aged 40 to 50 | 106 |
| Number of married males aged 50 to 60 | 66 |
| Number of married males aged 60 to 70 | 29 |
| Number of married males aged 70 to 80 | 9 |
| Number of married males aged 80 to 90 | 2 |
| Number of single females aged 10 to 15 | 184 |
| Number of single females aged 15 to 20 | 137 |
| Number of single females aged 20 to 30 | 59 |
| Number of single females aged 30 to 40 | 4 |
| Number of single females aged 40 to 50 | 2 |
| Number of single females aged 50 to 60 | 4 |
| Number of single females aged 70 to 80 | 2 |
| Number of single males aged 10 to 15 | 180 |
| Number of single males aged 15 to 20 | 144 |
| Number of single males aged 20 to 30 | 136 |
| Number of single males aged 30 to 40 | 74 |
| Number of single males aged 40 to 50 | 6 |
| Number of single males aged 50 to 60 | 3 |
| Number of single males aged 60 to 70 | 2 |
| Number of single males aged 80 to 90 | 1 |
| Number of widowed females aged 20 to 30 | 4 |
| Number of widowed females aged 30 to 40 | 5 |
| Number of widowed females aged 40 to 50 | 5 |
| Number of widowed females aged 50 to 60 | 8 |
| Number of widowed females aged 60 to 70 | 7 |
| Number of widowed females aged 70 to 80 | 2 |
| Number of widowed males aged 30 to 40 | 1 |
| Number of widowed males aged 40 to 50 | 4 |
| Number of widowed males aged 50 to 60 | 3 |
| Number of widowed males aged 60 to 70 | 7 |
| Number of widowed males aged 70 to 80 | 1 |
| Number of widowed males aged 80 to 90 | 1 |
Ethnic origin (10 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Number of French Canadians | 3 |
| Number of persons native to Canada, not of French origin | 2,230 |
| Number of persons originating in England or Wales | 165 |
| Number of persons originating in France | 1 |
| Number of persons originating in Germany or Holland | 20 |
| Number of persons originating in Ireland | 97 |
| Number of persons originating in New Brunswick | 40 |
| Number of persons originating in Nova Scotia or Prince Edward Island | 25 |
| Number of persons originating in Scotland | 43 |
| Number of persons originating in the United States | 275 |
Agriculture (73 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Acres of barley | 21 |
| Acres of buckwheat | 608 |
| Acres of corn | 1,169 |
| Acres of farmland in gardens or orchards | 42 |
| Acres of farmland in pasture | 8,378 |
| Acres of farmland in woodland or forest | 19,049 |
| Acres of farmland under crops | 10,459 |
| Acres of farmland under cultivation | 18,879 |
| Acres of land in farms | 37,928 |
| Acres of oats | 1,088 |
| Acres of peas | 139 |
| Acres of potatoes | 249 |
| Acres of rye | 222 |
| Acres of turnips | 48 |
| Acres of wheat | 4,492 |
| BAR AC | 21 |
| BAR BU | 374 |
| Barrels of beef produced in the past year | 421 |
| Barrels of pork produced in the past year | 1,298 |
| BEEF BAR | 421 |
| Bushels of barley produced in the past year | 374 |
| Bushels of beans produced in the past year | 175 |
| Bushels of buckwheat produced in the past year | 9,348 |
| Bushels of carrots produced in the past year | 395 |
| Bushels of clover, timothy, or other grass seed produced in the past year | 200 |
| Bushels of corn produced in the past year | 21,447 |
| Bushels of mangel wurtzel produced in the past year | 5 |
| Bushels of oats produced in the past year | 23,764 |
| Bushels of peas produced in the past year | 1,902 |
| Bushels of potatoes produced in the past year | 23,430 |
| Bushels of rye produced in the past year | 2,306 |
| Bushels of turnips produced in the past year | 15,905 |
| Bushels of wheat produced in the past year | 69,914 |
| BWT AC | 608 |
| BWT BU | 9,348 |
| CRN AC | 1,169 |
| CRN BU | 21,447 |
| Gallons of cider produced in the past year | 2,839 |
| HAY TONS | 2,486 |
| Number of bulls, oxen, or steers | 646 |
| Number of calves and heifers | 962 |
| Number of horses | 806 |
| Number of milk cows | 1,210 |
| Number of occupants of farms | 483 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 10 and 20 acres | 6 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 100 and 200 acres | 75 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 20 and 50 acres | 105 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 50 and 100 acres | 169 |
| Number of persons living on farms over 200 acres | 18 |
| Number of persons living on farms under 10 acres | 110 |
| Number of sheep | 3,861 |
| Number of swine | 2,244 |
| OAT AC | 1,088 |
| OAT BU | 23,764 |
| PEA AC | 139 |
| PEA BU | 1,902 |
| PORK BAR | 1,298 |
| POT AC | 249 |
| POT BU | 23,430 |
| Pounds of cheese produced on farms in the past year | 2,759 |
| Pounds of flax or hemp produced in the past year | 30 |
| Pounds of homemade butter | 60,661 |
| Pounds of hops produced in the past year | 33 |
| Pounds of maple sugar produced in the past year | 9,266 |
| Pounds of tobacco produced in the past year | 72 |
| Pounds of wool produced on farms in the past year | 11,726 |
| RYE AC | 222 |
| RYE BU | 2,306 |
| TOB LBS | 72 |
| Tons of hay produced in the past year | 2,486 |
| WHT AC | 4,492 |
| WHT BU | 69,914 |
| WOOL LBS | 11,726 |
Manufacturing & industry (18 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Barrels of flour produced per year by grist mills reporting annual production | 12,000 |
| Feet of lumber produced per year by saw mills reporting annual production | 1,950,040 |
| Number of employees in grist mills | 3 |
| Number of employees in saw mills | 16 |
| Number of grist mills | 2 |
| Number of grist mills powered by water | 2 |
| Number of grist mills reporting annual production | 2 |
| Number of grist mills returning capital | 2 |
| Number of saw mills | 5 |
| Number of saw mills not reporting | 1 |
| Number of saw mills powered by steam | 2 |
| Number of saw mills powered by water | 3 |
| Number of saw mills reporting annual production | 4 |
| Number of saw mills returning capital | 4 |
| Value of capital returned by grist mills (pounds sterling) | 2,000 |
| Value of capital returned by saw mills (pounds sterling) | 1,875 |
| Yards of flannel produced in the past year | 6,092 |
| Yards of fulled cloth produced in the past year | 2,364 |
Deaths & mortality (20 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 1 to 2 | 2 |
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 15 to 20 | 2 |
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 20 to 30 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 30 to 40 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 4 to 5 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 60 to 70 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 70 to 80 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among females of all ages | 16 |
| Deaths in the past year among females of unknown age | 2 |
| Deaths in the past year among females under age 1 | 5 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 1 to 2 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 20 to 30 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 40 to 50 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 5 to 10 | 2 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 50 to 60 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 60 to 70 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among males of all ages | 14 |
| Deaths in the past year among males of unknown age | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among males under age 1 | 6 |
| Total number of deaths in the past year | 30 |
Other recorded variables (162 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| AT SEA | 1 |
| B LBS | 60,661 |
| BEN BU | 175 |
| BOV | 646 |
| C H | 962 |
| C LBS | 2,759 |
| C01 GM NO MILLS | 2 |
| C01 SEX MALE | 1,508 |
| C02 SEX FEM | 1,392 |
| C03 GM WATER | 2 |
| C03 TOTAL | 2,900 |
| C04 GM NO YEAR | 2 |
| C04 MEM OF FAM M | 1,410 |
| C05 GM BARRELS YEAR | 12,000 |
| C05 MEM OF FAM F | 1,308 |
| C06 NOT MEM OF FAM M | 98 |
| C07 NOT MEM OF FAM F | 84 |
| C08 MEM OF FAM ABSENT M | 1 |
| C100 BTWN 80 AND 90 M WID | 1 |
| C12 BIRTHS M | 65 |
| C12 GM CAP NO | 2 |
| C122 AGES NOT GIVEN M | 3 |
| C123 AGES NOT GIVEN F | 3 |
| C124 DEATHS AGES NOT GIVEN M | 1 |
| C125 DEATHS AGES NOT GIVEN F | 2 |
| C126 MD MALE | 451 |
| C127 S MALE | 1,040 |
| C128 WID MALE | 17 |
| C129 TOT MALE | 1,508 |
| C13 BIRTHS F | 66 |
| C13 GM CAP P | 2,000 |
| C130 MD FEM | 465 |
| C131 S FEM | 896 |
| C132 WID FEM | 31 |
| C133 TOT FEM | 1,392 |
| C134 GRAND TOT | 2,900 |
| C135 DEATHS M | 14 |
| C136 DEATHS F | 16 |
| C137 DEATHS TOT | 30 |
| C14 GM HANDS | 3 |
| C14 UNDER 1 M | 65 |
| C143 ATTND SCHOOL M | 286 |
| C144 ATTND SCHOOL F | 252 |
| C147 BLIND M | 1 |
| C149 LUNATICS M | 2 |
| C15 UNDER 1 F | 66 |
| C150 LUNATICS F | 1 |
| C16 DEATHS UNDER 1 M | 6 |
| C16 SM NO | 5 |
| C17 DEATHS UNDER 1 F | 5 |
| C17 SM STEAM | 2 |
| C18 SM WATER | 3 |
| C18 UNDER 2 M | 61 |
| C19 SM NO YEAR | 4 |
| C19 UNDER 2 F | 57 |
| C20 DEATHS UNDER 2 M | 1 |
| C20 SM FEET YEAR | 1,950,040 |
| C21 DEATHS UNDER 2 F | 2 |
| C22 UNDER 3 M | 55 |
| C23 UNDER 3 F | 52 |
| C26 UNDER 4 M | 52 |
| C27 UNDER 4 F | 58 |
| C28 SM RETURNS NO | 4 |
| C29 SM RETURNS P | 1,875 |
| C30 SM EMPLOYED | 16 |
| C30 UNDER 5 M | 36 |
| C31 SM NO RETURNS | 1 |
| C31 UNDER 5 F | 47 |
| C33 DEATHS UNDER 5 F | 1 |
| C34 BTWN 5 AND 10 M | 222 |
| C35 BTWN 5 AND 10 F | 221 |
| C36 DEATHS BTWN 5 AND 10 M | 2 |
| C39 BTWN 10 AND 15 M S | 180 |
| C41 BTWN 10 AND 15 F S | 184 |
| C44 BTWN 15 AND 20 M MD | 3 |
| C45 BTWN 15 AND 20 M S | 144 |
| C46 BTWN 15 AND 20 F MD | 14 |
| C47 BTWN 15 AND 20 F S | 137 |
| C49 BTWN 15 AND 20 F DEATHS | 2 |
| C50 BTWN 20 AND 30 M MD | 80 |
| C51 BTWN 20 AND 30 M S | 136 |
| C53 BTWN 20 AND 30 F MD | 157 |
| C54 BTWN 20 AND 30 F S | 59 |
| C55 BTWN 20 AND 30 F WID | 4 |
| C56 BTWN 20 AND 30 M DEATHS | 1 |
| C57 BTWN 20 AND 30 F DEATHS | 1 |
| C58 BTWN 30 AND 40 M MD | 156 |
| C59 BTWN 30 AND 40 M S | 74 |
| C60 BTWN 30 AND 40 M WID | 1 |
| C61 BTWN 30 AND 40 F MD | 153 |
| C62 BTWN 30 AND 40 F S | 4 |
| C63 BTWN 30 AND 40 F WID | 5 |
| C65 BTWN 30 AND 40 F DEATHS | 1 |
| C66 BTWN 40 AND 50 M MD | 106 |
| C67 BTWN 40 AND 50 M S | 6 |
| C68 BTWN 40 AND 50 M WID | 4 |
| C69 BTWN 40 AND 50 F MD | 69 |
| C70 BTWN 40 AND 50 F S | 2 |
| C71 BTWN 40 AND 50 F WID | 5 |
| C72 BTWN 40 AND 50 M DEATHS | 1 |
| C74 BTWN 50 AND 60 M MD | 66 |
| C75 BTWN 50 AND 60 M S | 3 |
| C76 BTWN 50 AND 60 M WID | 3 |
| C77 BTWN 50 AND 60 F MD | 53 |
| C78 BTWN 50 AND 60 F S | 4 |
| C79 BTWN 50 AND 60 F WID | 8 |
| C80 BTWN 50 AND 60 M DEATHS | 1 |
| C82 BTWN 60 AND 70 M MD | 29 |
| C83 BTWN 60 AND 70 M S | 2 |
| C84 BTWN 60 AND 70 M WID | 7 |
| C85 BTWN 60 AND 70 F MD | 15 |
| C87 BTWN 60 AND 70 F WID | 7 |
| C88 BTWN 60 AND 70 M DEATHS | 1 |
| C89 BTWN 60 AND 70 F DEATHS | 1 |
| C90 BTWN 70 AND 80 M MD | 9 |
| C92 BTWN 70 AND 80 M WID | 1 |
| C93 BTWN 70 AND 80 F MD | 4 |
| C94 BTWN 70 AND 80 F S | 2 |
| C95 BTWN 70 AND 80 F WID | 2 |
| C97 BTWN 70 AND 80 F DEATHS | 1 |
| C98 BTWN 80 AND 90 M MD | 2 |
| C99 BTWN 80 AND 90 M S | 1 |
| CAR BU | 395 |
| CD NAME | Norfolk |
| CID GAL | 2,839 |
| CROP | 10,459 |
| CULT | 18,879 |
| DE NL | 20 |
| ENG WLS | 165 |
| FC YRDS | 2,364 |
| FLAN YRDS | 6,092 |
| FLX LBS | 30 |
| FR | 1 |
| FREN ORIG | 3 |
| GARDEN | 42 |
| GRA BU | 200 |
| HELD | 37,928 |
| HOP LBS | 33 |
| HORSE | 806 |
| IRE | 97 |
| LINE NO | 213 |
| M COWS | 1,210 |
| MPLS LBS | 9,266 |
| MW BU | 5 |
| NB | 40 |
| NOT FRN | 2,230 |
| NS PEI | 25 |
| O 10 TO 20 | 6 |
| O 100 TO 200 | 75 |
| O 20 TO 50 | 105 |
| O 50 TO 100 | 169 |
| O OVR 200 | 18 |
| O UNDR 10 | 110 |
| PASTURE | 8,378 |
| SCOT | 43 |
| SHEEP | 3,861 |
| SWINE | 2,244 |
| TOT O | 483 |
| TUR AC | 48 |
| TUR BU | 15,905 |
| US | 275 |
| WOOD | 19,049 |
Identifiers
- TCP UID:
ON025004— year-scoped identifier from the Canadian Census Subdivision boundary file - Persistent place ID:
PLACE_ON131007— computed from spatial-overlap chains across census years - Wikidata: not yet grounded. This page covers a place whose persistent identity has not yet been linked to a Wikidata entity. Identification is via TCP UID and spatial polygon only.
Sources
Census tabulations from the 1851 Census of Canada, transcribed and georeferenced by the Canadian Peoples / TCP project, hosted at the HGIS Lab, University of Saskatchewan. Persistent place identity computed from spatial-overlap chains across all available census years (1851–1921). Identity grounding to Wikidata performed via the HGIS Canada Knowledge Graph project's MCP-assisted disambiguation pipeline. See the About / Methodology page for the full data pipeline.
Cite this page
Clifford, J. (2026). "Windham, Ontario (1851 census)" in HGIS Canada Knowledge Graph. Retrieved from https://jimclifford.ca/hgiscanada/places/on/windham-on025004-1851/.