Windham, Ontario (1861 census)

Windham was a census subdivision in Ontario, recorded in the 1861 Census of Canada with a population of 4,095. The community is grounded to Wikidata Q115263166. The administrative centroid was at approximately 42.915°N, 80.425°W.

Population

In 1861, Windham had a population of 4,095: 2,109 male and 1,986 female residents.

Population trajectory across census years

Cross-year identity established by spatial polygon overlap (SAME_AS chains across the Canadian Census Subdivision boundary files).

Neighbouring Census Subdivisions in 1861

In the 1861 census, Windham shared boundaries with:

• Burford
• Charlotteville
• Middleton
• Norwich, North
• Norwich, South
• Simcoe, T-V
• Townsend

Full census record, 1861

The 1861 census recorded 179 measurements for this Census Subdivision across 6 categories.

Population & families (1861). This community's record includes 4,095 total population, 2,109 males, 1,986 females, Male members of the family who are present: 1,966, Female members of the family who are present: 1,814, 1,409 single males, 1,294 single females, 667 married males, 626 married females, 390 females attending school, Males present who are not members of the family: 243, 230 males attending school, Females present who are not members of the family: 172, 82 male births, 72 female births, 66 widowed females, 34 adult males unable to read or write, 33 adult females unable to read or write, 33 widowed males, 7 lunatic females, 2 deaf and dumb males, 2 persons at sea, 1 lunatic males. (Source: 1861 Census of Canada, V1T1; V1T5.)

Age structure (1861). This community's record includes 286 males aged 5 to 10, 282 females aged 5 to 10, 264 single females aged 10 to 15, 236 single males aged 15 to 20, 234 single males aged 10 to 15, 222 single females aged 15 to 20, 200 single males aged 20 to 30, 199 married females aged 20 to 30, 193 married females aged 30 to 40, 189 married males aged 30 to 40, 166 married males aged 40 to 50, 147 married males aged 20 to 30, 127 single females aged 20 to 30, 118 married females aged 40 to 50, 97 married males aged 50 to 60, 78 females aged 1 to 2, 77 males aged 1 to 2, 76 males aged 2 to 3, 74 females aged 2 to 3, 70 males aged 3 to 4, 69 males aged 4 to 5, 64 females aged 4 to 5, 59 married females aged 50 to 60, 57 females age 3 to 4, 52 married males aged 60 to 70, 34 married females aged 60 to 70, 33 single males aged 30 to 40, 20 males of unknown age, 20 single females aged 30 to 40, 18 widowed females aged 60 to 70, 15 married females aged 15 to 20, 15 single males aged 40 to 50, 13 females of unknown age, 13 married males aged 70 to 80, 12 widowed females aged 40 to 50, 12 widowed females aged 50 to 60, 11 widowed males aged 60 to 70, 9 widowed females aged 30 to 40, 8 married females aged 70 to 80, 8 widowed females aged 70 to 80, 7 single females aged 40 to 50, 6 single males aged 50 to 60, 6 widowed males aged 50 to 60, 6 widowed males aged 70 to 80, 5 widowed males aged 40 to 50, 4 single males aged 60 to 70, 4 widowed females aged 20 to 30, 3 married males aged 80 to 90, 3 single females aged 50 to 60, 3 widowed females aged 80 to 90, 3 widowed males aged 30 to 40, 2 single females aged 60 to 70, 2 single females aged 70 to 80, 1 widowed males aged 20 to 30, 1 widowed males aged 80 to 90. (Source: 1861 Census of Canada, V1T5.) The 1861 enumerator also recorded 1 single males aged 90 to 100 — single-county tallies of limited cross-year comparability.

Ethnic origin (1861). This community's record includes 3,130 persons native to Canada, not of French origin, 265 persons originating in the United States, 178 French Canadians, 171 persons originating in England or Wales, 170 persons originating in Ireland, 80 persons originating in Germany or Holland, 69 persons originating in Scotland, 23 persons originating in New Brunswick, 6 persons originating in Nova Scotia or Prince Edward Island, 1 persons originating in the East Indies. (Source: 1861 Census of Canada, V1T1.)

Agriculture (1861). This community's record includes $1,299,888 value farms (dollars), $169,390 value all livestock, 120,790 pounds of homemade butter, 92,258 bushels of winter wheat, 76,993 bushels of turnips, $72,342 value horses aged over 3 years, 72,024 bushels of potatoes, $50,325 value farm implements in dollars, 50,007 acres of land in farms, 37,201 bushels of oats, 26,692 acres of farmland under cultivation, 25,687 bushels of peas, 23,948 bushels of corn, 23,320 pounds of maple sugar, 23,315 acres of farmland in woodland or forest, 19,731 gallons of cider, 18,883 acres of farmland under crops, 17,110 bushels of buckwheat, 13,067 pounds of wool produced on farms, 12,591 bushels of spring wheat, 12,291 bushels of carrots, $11,183 value garden and orchard crops, 6,965 acres of farmland in pasture, 5,685 bushels of barley, 5,442 acres of winter wheat, 4,649 sheep, 4,569 tons of hay, 4,475 bushels of rye, 2,908 swine, 2,766 pounds of cheese produced on farms, 1,803 calves and heifers, 1,643 barrels of pork, 1,523 acres of peas, 1,513 milk cows, 1,480 acres of farmland held by townspeople who are not farmers, 1,477 acres of oats, 1,184 acres of spring wheat, 1,101 horses aged over 3 years, 1,097 acres of corn, 915 bushels of clover, timothy, or other grass seed, 904 acres of buckwheat, 844 acres of farmland in gardens, 554 acres of potatoes, 530 pounds of flax or hemp, 478 occupants of farms, 397 acres of rye, 376 bulls, oxen, or steers, 363 barrels of beef, 306 horses aged 3 years and under, 291 acres of barley, 250 bushels of beans, 249 acres of turnips, 220 persons living on farms between 50 and 100 acres, 219 pounds of hops, 190 bushels of mangel wurtzel, 118 persons living on farms between 20 and 50 acres, 76 persons living on farms between 100 and 200 acres, 38 persons living on farms over 200 acres, 16 persons living on farms between 10 and 20 acres, 10 persons living on farms under 10 acres. (Source: 1861 Census of Canada, V2T11.)

Manufacturing & industry (1861). This community's record includes $16,124 value carriages for pleasure (dollars), 6,844 yards of flannel, 1,905 yards of fulled cloth, 260 carriages for pleasure, 60 yards of linen, $50 value carriages for hire (dollars), 1 carriages for hire. (Source: 1861 Census of Canada, V2T11.)

Deaths & mortality (1861). This community's record includes 36 total number of deaths, Deaths in the past year among males of all ages: 19, Deaths in the past year among females of all ages: 17, Deaths in the past year among males under age 1: 7, Deaths in the past year among females under age 1: 4, Deaths in the past year among females aged 1 to 2: 3, Deaths in the past year among females aged 5 to 10: 3, Deaths in the past year among females of unknown age: 2, Deaths in the past year among males aged 30 to 40: 2, Deaths in the past year among males aged 40 to 50: 2, Deaths in the past year among females aged 10 to 15: 1, Deaths in the past year among females aged 2 to 3: 1, Deaths in the past year among females aged 3 to 4: 1, Deaths in the past year among females aged 30 to 40: 1, Deaths in the past year among females aged 70 to 80: 1, Deaths in the past year among males age 3 to 4: 1, Deaths in the past year among males aged 10 to 15: 1, Deaths in the past year among males aged 15 to 20: 1, Deaths in the past year among males aged 2 to 3: 1, Deaths in the past year among males aged 20 to 30: 1, Deaths in the past year among males aged 60 to 70: 1, Deaths in the past year among males aged 70 to 80: 1, Deaths in the past year among males of unknown age: 1. (Source: 1861 Census of Canada, V1T5.)

People with Dictionary of Canadian Biography entries

The Dictionary of Canadian Biography includes biographies of 3 people connected to this place who were alive in 1861, listed below by birth year. Each name links to that person's DCB entry.

Identifiers

• TCP UID: ON087007 — year-scoped identifier from the Canadian Census Subdivision boundary file
• Persistent place ID: PLACE_ON131007_1891 — computed from spatial-overlap chains across census years
• Wikidata: Q115263166

Sources

Census tabulations from the 1861 Census of Canada, transcribed and georeferenced by the Canadian Peoples / TCP project, hosted at the HGIS Lab, University of Saskatchewan. Persistent place identity computed from spatial-overlap chains across all available census years (1851–1921). Identity grounding to Wikidata performed via the HGIS Canada Knowledge Graph project's MCP-assisted disambiguation pipeline. See the About / Methodology page for the full data pipeline.

Cite this page

Clifford, J. (2026). "Windham, Ontario (1861 census)" in HGIS Canada Knowledge Graph. Retrieved from https://jimclifford.ca/hgiscanada/places/on/windham-on087007-1861/.