Elma, Ontario (1891 census)
Elma was a census subdivision in Ontario, recorded in the 1891 Census of Canada with a population of 4,231. The community is grounded to Wikidata Q115261391. The administrative centroid was at approximately 43.655°N, 81.011°W.
Population
In 1891, Elma had a population of 4,231: 2,158 male and 2,073 female residents. Population density was 37.4 people per square mile.
Population trajectory across census years
| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 1851 | — |
| 1861 | 2,392 |
| 1871 | 3,616 |
| 1881 | 4,421 |
| 1891 | 4,231 |
| 1901 | 4,159 |
| 1911 | 3,789 |
| 1921 | 3,374 |
Cross-year identity established by spatial polygon overlap (SAME_AS chains across the Canadian Census Subdivision boundary files).
Neighbouring Census Subdivisions in 1891
In the 1891 census, Elma shared boundaries with:
Full census record, 1891
The 1891 census recorded 176 measurements for this Census Subdivision across 6 categories. Tables below are collapsible.
Population & families (15 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Average size of families | 5.30 |
| FAM NO | 800 |
| Number of families | 800 |
| Number of females | 2,073 |
| Number of males | 2,158 |
| Number of married females | 702 |
| Number of married males | 695 |
| Number of married persons | 1,397 |
| Number of widowed females | 81 |
| Number of widowed males | 66 |
| Number of widowed persons | 147 |
| POP F | 2,073 |
| POP M | 2,158 |
| POP TOT | 4,231 |
| Total population | 4,231 |
Age structure (3 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Number of single females under 18 | 1,290 |
| Number of single males under 18 | 1,397 |
| Number of single persons under 18 | 2,687 |
Ethnic origin (2 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Number of French Canadians | 2 |
| Number of persons who are not French Canadian | 4,229 |
Buildings & housing (18 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Number of houses | 791 |
| Number of houses built of brick | 151 |
| Number of houses built of stone | 14 |
| Number of houses built of wood | 626 |
| Number of houses of 1 room | 5 |
| Number of houses of 1 story | 707 |
| Number of houses of 11 to 15 rooms | 29 |
| Number of houses of 2 rooms | 39 |
| Number of houses of 2 stories | 83 |
| Number of houses of 3 rooms | 91 |
| Number of houses of 3 stories | 1 |
| Number of houses of 4 rooms | 121 |
| Number of houses of 5 rooms | 112 |
| Number of houses of 6 to 10 rooms | 390 |
| Number of houses of over 15 rooms | 4 |
| Number of houses under construction | 4 |
| Number of occupied houses | 791 |
| Number of uninhabited houses | 22 |
Agriculture (68 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Acres of barley | 1,698 |
| Acres of farmland in gardens or orchards | 743 |
| Acres of farmland in pasture | 11,340 |
| Acres of farmland in woodland or forest | 17,332 |
| Acres of farmland under crops | 32,406 |
| Acres of hay crops | 8,193 |
| Acres of improved land in farms | 44,489 |
| Acres of land in farms | 61,821 |
| Acres of oats | 9,511 |
| Acres of potatoes | 441 |
| Acres of turnips | 618 |
| Acres of wheat | 3,891 |
| BAR AC | 1,698 |
| BAR BU | 36,661 |
| Bushels of barley produced in the past year | 36,661 |
| Bushels of beans produced in the past year | 126 |
| Bushels of buckwheat produced in the past year | 394 |
| Bushels of clover, timothy, or other grass seed produced in the past year | 180 |
| Bushels of corn produced in the past year | 6,239 |
| Bushels of oats produced in the past year | 264,239 |
| Bushels of peas produced in the past year | 46,540 |
| Bushels of potatoes produced in the past year | 49,058 |
| Bushels of rye produced in the past year | 170 |
| Bushels of spring wheat produced in the past year | 12,844 |
| Bushels of turnips produced in the past year | 190,789 |
| Bushels of winter wheat produced in the past year | 47,129 |
| BWT BU | 394 |
| Capacity of silos (tons) | 140 |
| CRN BU | 6,239 |
| HAY AC | 8,193 |
| HAY TONS | 12,980 |
| Number of cattle killed or sold in the past year | 1,857 |
| Number of chickens | 25,060 |
| Number of ducks | 626 |
| Number of farm occupants who own their land | 667 |
| Number of farm occupants who rent their land | 110 |
| Number of geese | 904 |
| Number of horses aged 3 years and under | 771 |
| Number of horses aged over 3 years | 1,620 |
| Number of milk cows | 4,502 |
| Number of occupants of farms | 777 |
| Number of other cattle | 4,048 |
| Number of other fowl | 43 |
| Number of oxen | 16 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 101 and 200 acres | 135 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 11 and 50 acres | 118 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 51 and 100 acres | 282 |
| Number of persons living on farms over 200 acres | 25 |
| Number of persons living on farms under 10 acres | 217 |
| Number of sheep | 3,242 |
| Number of sheep slaughtered or sold | 2,252 |
| Number of swine | 4,313 |
| Number of swine slaughtered or sold | 3,986 |
| Number of turkeys | 244 |
| OAT AC | 9,511 |
| OAT BU | 264,239 |
| PEA BU | 46,540 |
| POT AC | 441 |
| POT BU | 49,058 |
| Pounds of cheese produced on farms in the past year | 13,458 |
| Pounds of coarse wool produced on farms in the past year | 10,971 |
| Pounds of fine wool produced on farms in the past year | 5,527 |
| Pounds of homemade butter | 105,450 |
| RYE BU | 170 |
| Tons of hay produced in the past year | 12,980 |
| WHT AC | 3,891 |
| WHT FALL BU | 47,129 |
| WHT SP BU | 12,844 |
Other recorded variables (70 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| A 101 200 | 135 |
| A 11 50 | 118 |
| A 201 PL | 25 |
| A 51 100 | 282 |
| BEN BU | 126 |
| BUTTER LB | 105,450 |
| CATTLE KS | 1,857 |
| CHEESE LB | 13,458 |
| CHILD AND UNMD FEM | 1,290 |
| CHILD AND UNMD MALE | 1,397 |
| CHILD AND UNMD TOT | 2,687 |
| COARSE WOOL LB | 10,971 |
| COLTS FILLIES | 771 |
| DUCKS | 626 |
| FAMILIES | 800 |
| FAMILIES AV SIZE | 5.30 |
| FINE WOOL LB | 5,527 |
| FRN CA | 2 |
| GEESE | 904 |
| GRA BU | 180 |
| HENS AND CHKN | 25,060 |
| HORSES OVR THREE | 1,620 |
| HOUSES | 791 |
| HOUSES B | 151 |
| HOUSES CON | 4 |
| HOUSES ELVN TO FIFTN RM | 29 |
| HOUSES FIVE RM | 112 |
| HOUSES FOUR RM | 121 |
| HOUSES ONE RM | 5 |
| HOUSES ONE STRY | 707 |
| HOUSES S | 14 |
| HOUSES SIX TO TEN RM | 390 |
| HOUSES SIXTN OVR RM | 4 |
| HOUSES THREE RM | 91 |
| HOUSES THREE STRY | 1 |
| HOUSES TWO RM | 39 |
| HOUSES TWO STRY | 83 |
| HOUSES UNINH | 22 |
| HOUSES W | 626 |
| INF 11 A | 217 |
| MD FEM | 702 |
| MD MALE | 695 |
| MD TOT | 1,397 |
| MILK COWS | 4,502 |
| NAME CD | Perth, North—Nord |
| OC F | 110 |
| OC P | 667 |
| OC TOT | 777 |
| OTHER FOWL | 43 |
| OTHER HRN CATTLE | 4,048 |
| OTHERS | 4,229 |
| SHEEP | 3,242 |
| SHEEP KS | 2,252 |
| SILOS | 140 |
| SUP AM | 44,489 |
| SUP FOR | 17,332 |
| SUP JV | 743 |
| SUP PAT | 11,340 |
| SUP SC | 32,406 |
| SUP TOT | 61,821 |
| SWINE | 4,313 |
| SWINE KS | 3,986 |
| TOT DWLG OCC | 791 |
| TUR AC | 618 |
| TUR BU | 190,789 |
| TURKEY | 244 |
| WID FEM | 81 |
| WID MALE | 66 |
| WID TOT | 147 |
| WORKING OX | 16 |
Identifiers
- TCP UID:
ON108002— year-scoped identifier from the Canadian Census Subdivision boundary file - Persistent place ID:
PLACE_ON137006— computed from spatial-overlap chains across census years - Wikidata: Q115261391
Sources
Census tabulations from the 1891 Census of Canada, transcribed and georeferenced by the Canadian Peoples / TCP project, hosted at the HGIS Lab, University of Saskatchewan. Persistent place identity computed from spatial-overlap chains across all available census years (1851–1921). Identity grounding to Wikidata performed via the HGIS Canada Knowledge Graph project's MCP-assisted disambiguation pipeline. See the About / Methodology page for the full data pipeline.
Cite this page
Clifford, J. (2026). "Elma, Ontario (1891 census)" in HGIS Canada Knowledge Graph. Retrieved from https://jimclifford.ca/hgiscanada/places/on/elma-on108002-1891/.