Niagara, Ontario (1861 census)
Niagara was a census subdivision in Lincoln County, Ontario, recorded in the 1861 Census of Canada with a population of 2,400. The administrative centroid was at approximately 43.199°N, 79.108°W.
Population
In 1861, Niagara had a population of 2,400: 1,241 male and 1,159 female residents. Population density was 59.3 people per square mile.
Population trajectory across census years
| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 1851 | 2,250 |
| 1861 | 2,400 |
Cross-year identity established by spatial polygon overlap (SAME_AS chains across the Canadian Census Subdivision boundary files).
Neighbouring Census Subdivisions in 1861
In the 1861 census, Niagara shared boundaries with:
Full census record, 1861
The 1861 census recorded 374 measurements for this Census Subdivision across 7 categories. Tables below are collapsible.
Population & families (26 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Female members of the family who are present | 1,034 |
| Females present who are not members of the family | 125 |
| Male members of the family who are present | 1,080 |
| Males present who are not members of the family | 161 |
| Number of adult females unable to read or write | 75 |
| Number of adult males unable to read or write | 69 |
| Number of female births in the past year | 39 |
| Number of females | 1,159 |
| Number of females attending school | 182 |
| Number of lunatic females | 1 |
| Number of lunatic males | 1 |
| Number of male births in the past year | 39 |
| Number of males | 1,241 |
| Number of males attending school | 227 |
| Number of married females | 375 |
| Number of married males | 406 |
| Number of persons at sea | 3 |
| Number of single females | 745 |
| Number of single males | 808 |
| Number of widowed females | 39 |
| Number of widowed males | 27 |
| POP FX N.1 | 1,159 |
| POP MX N.1 | 1,241 |
| POP TOT | 2,400 |
| POP XX N.1 | 2,400 |
| Total population | 2,400 |
Age structure (57 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Number of females age 3 to 4 | 34 |
| Number of females aged 1 to 2 | 41 |
| Number of females aged 2 to 3 | 33 |
| Number of females aged 4 to 5 | 35 |
| Number of females aged 5 to 10 | 141 |
| Number of females of unknown age | 6 |
| Number of males aged 1 to 2 | 43 |
| Number of males aged 2 to 3 | 40 |
| Number of males aged 3 to 4 | 30 |
| Number of males aged 4 to 5 | 35 |
| Number of males aged 5 to 10 | 120 |
| Number of males of unknown age | 1 |
| Number of married females aged 15 to 20 | 1 |
| Number of married females aged 20 to 30 | 100 |
| Number of married females aged 30 to 40 | 110 |
| Number of married females aged 40 to 50 | 62 |
| Number of married females aged 50 to 60 | 58 |
| Number of married females aged 60 to 70 | 34 |
| Number of married females aged 70 to 80 | 7 |
| Number of married females aged 80 to 90 | 2 |
| Number of married females aged 90 to 100 | 1 |
| Number of married males aged 15 to 20 | 2 |
| Number of married males aged 20 to 30 | 64 |
| Number of married males aged 30 to 40 | 119 |
| Number of married males aged 40 to 50 | 81 |
| Number of married males aged 50 to 60 | 59 |
| Number of married males aged 60 to 70 | 57 |
| Number of married males aged 70 to 80 | 19 |
| Number of married males aged 80 to 90 | 4 |
| Number of married males aged 90 to 100 | 1 |
| Number of single females aged 10 to 15 | 135 |
| Number of single females aged 15 to 20 | 126 |
| Number of single females aged 20 to 30 | 117 |
| Number of single females aged 30 to 40 | 20 |
| Number of single females aged 40 to 50 | 8 |
| Number of single females aged 50 to 60 | 12 |
| Number of single females aged 60 to 70 | 4 |
| Number of single males aged 10 to 15 | 157 |
| Number of single males aged 15 to 20 | 118 |
| Number of single males aged 20 to 30 | 166 |
| Number of single males aged 30 to 40 | 30 |
| Number of single males aged 40 to 50 | 11 |
| Number of single males aged 50 to 60 | 13 |
| Number of single males aged 60 to 70 | 5 |
| Number of widowed females aged 20 to 30 | 1 |
| Number of widowed females aged 30 to 40 | 4 |
| Number of widowed females aged 40 to 50 | 4 |
| Number of widowed females aged 50 to 60 | 13 |
| Number of widowed females aged 60 to 70 | 11 |
| Number of widowed females aged 70 to 80 | 3 |
| Number of widowed females aged 80 to 90 | 3 |
| Number of widowed males aged 30 to 40 | 4 |
| Number of widowed males aged 40 to 50 | 6 |
| Number of widowed males aged 50 to 60 | 2 |
| Number of widowed males aged 60 to 70 | 8 |
| Number of widowed males aged 70 to 80 | 4 |
| Number of widowed males aged 80 to 90 | 3 |
Ethnic origin (18 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Number of Indigenous females | 20 |
| Number of Indigenous males | 27 |
| Number of Indigenous persons | 47 |
| Number of male negroes or coloured persons | 9 |
| Number of negroes or coloured persons | 9 |
| Number of persons native to Canada, not of French origin | 1,730 |
| Number of persons originating in all other places | 1 |
| Number of persons originating in England or Wales | 161 |
| Number of persons originating in Guernsey, Jersey, or other British islands | 1 |
| Number of persons originating in Ireland | 227 |
| Number of persons originating in Italy or Greece | 1 |
| Number of persons originating in New Brunswick | 2 |
| Number of persons originating in Nova Scotia or Prince Edward Island | 6 |
| Number of persons originating in Scotland | 102 |
| Number of persons originating in Spain or Portugal | 1 |
| Number of persons originating in Switzerland | 14 |
| Number of persons originating in the United States | 150 |
| Number of persons whose origin is unknown | 1 |
Agriculture (80 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Acres of barley | 573 |
| Acres of buckwheat | 405 |
| Acres of corn | 1,082 |
| Acres of farmland held by townspeople who are not farmers | 163 |
| Acres of farmland in gardens | 642 |
| Acres of farmland in pasture | 3,908 |
| Acres of farmland in woodland or forest | 4,480 |
| Acres of farmland under crops | 10,247 |
| Acres of farmland under cultivation | 14,797 |
| Acres of land in farms | 19,477 |
| Acres of oats | 1,495 |
| Acres of peas | 407 |
| Acres of potatoes | 443 |
| Acres of rye | 232 |
| Acres of spring wheat | 931 |
| Acres of turnips | 64 |
| Acres of winter wheat | 873 |
| Barrels of beef produced in the past year | 106 |
| Barrels of pork produced in the past year | 661 |
| Bushels of barley produced in the past year | 11,624 |
| Bushels of beans produced in the past year | 121 |
| Bushels of buckwheat produced in the past year | 7,730 |
| Bushels of carrots produced in the past year | 16,285 |
| Bushels of clover, timothy, or other grass seed produced in the past year | 62 |
| Bushels of corn produced in the past year | 37,444 |
| Bushels of mangel wurtzel produced in the past year | 6,415 |
| Bushels of oats produced in the past year | 44,296 |
| Bushels of peas produced in the past year | 7,029 |
| Bushels of potatoes produced in the past year | 48,228 |
| Bushels of rye produced in the past year | 3,254 |
| Bushels of spring wheat produced in the past year | 15,065 |
| Bushels of turnips produced in the past year | 21,919 |
| Bushels of winter wheat produced in the past year | 10,899 |
| C18 WHT FALL AC | 873 |
| C19 WHT FALL BU | 10,899 |
| C20 WHT SP AC | 931 |
| C21 WHT SP BU | 15,065 |
| C22 BAR AC | 573 |
| C23 BAR BU | 11,624 |
| C24 RYE AC | 232 |
| C25 RYE BU | 3,254 |
| C26 PEA AC | 407 |
| C27 PEA BU | 7,029 |
| C28 OAT AC | 1,495 |
| C29 OAT BU | 44,296 |
| C30 BWT AC | 405 |
| C31 BWT BU | 7,730 |
| C34 POT AC | 443 |
| C35 POT BU | 48,228 |
| C43 HAY TONS | 2,156 |
| C47 WOOL LBS | 10,434 |
| C63 BEEF BAR | 106 |
| C64 PORK BAR | 661 |
| Gallons of cider produced in the past year | 15,434 |
| HRS ov03 V | 51,832 |
| Number of bulls, oxen, or steers | 86 |
| Number of calves and heifers | 767 |
| Number of horses aged 3 years and under | 248 |
| Number of horses aged over 3 years | 806 |
| Number of milk cows | 865 |
| Number of occupants of farms | 201 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 10 and 20 acres | 2 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 100 and 200 acres | 48 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 20 and 50 acres | 55 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 50 and 100 acres | 72 |
| Number of persons living on farms over 200 acres | 15 |
| Number of persons living on farms under 10 acres | 9 |
| Number of sheep | 2,761 |
| Number of swine | 2,067 |
| Pounds of cheese produced on farms in the past year | 2,072 |
| Pounds of flax or hemp produced in the past year | 270 |
| Pounds of homemade butter | 70,539 |
| Pounds of hops produced in the past year | 21 |
| Pounds of maple sugar produced in the past year | 50 |
| Pounds of wool produced on farms in the past year | 10,434 |
| Tons of hay produced in the past year | 2,156 |
| Value of all livestock | 120,425 |
| Value of farm implements in dollars | 39,388 |
| Value of farms (dollars) | 855,909 |
| Value of garden and orchard crops produced in the past year | 11,815 |
Manufacturing & industry (5 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Number of carriages for pleasure | 156 |
| Value of carriages for pleasure (dollars) | 11,192 |
| Yards of flannel produced in the past year | 745 |
| Yards of fulled cloth produced in the past year | 321 |
| Yards of linen produced in the past year | 46 |
Deaths & mortality (21 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 15 to 20 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 20 to 30 | 2 |
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 30 to 40 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 40 to 50 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 5 to 10 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 60 to 70 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 80 to 90 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among females of all ages | 9 |
| Deaths in the past year among females under age 1 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among males age 3 to 4 | 2 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 1 to 2 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 15 to 20 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 2 to 3 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 20 to 30 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 50 to 60 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 60 to 70 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 70 to 80 | 3 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 80 to 90 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among males of all ages | 14 |
| Deaths in the past year among males under age 1 | 2 |
| Total number of deaths in the past year | 23 |
Other recorded variables (167 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| All other Places | 1 |
| At Sea | 3 |
| C01 TOTAL | 201 |
| C02 OCC UNDR 10 | 9 |
| C03 OCC 10 TO 20 | 2 |
| C04 OCC 20 TO 50 | 55 |
| C05 OCC 50 TO 100 | 72 |
| C06 OCC 100 TO 200 | 48 |
| C07 OCC OVR 200 | 15 |
| C08 HELD | 19,277 |
| C09 UNDR CULT | 14,797 |
| C1 Males | 1,241 |
| C10 Deaths under 1 year M | 2 |
| C10 UNDR CROP | 10,247 |
| C100 Between 90 and 100 years Married M | 1 |
| C103 Between 90 and 100 years Married F | 1 |
| C11 Deaths under 1 year F | 1 |
| C11 UNDR PAST | 3,908 |
| C116 Ages not given M | 1 |
| C117 Ages not given F | 6 |
| C12 GARDENS | 642 |
| C12 Under 2 Years M | 43 |
| C120 Married M | 406 |
| C121 Single M | 808 |
| C122 Widowed M | 27 |
| C123 Total M | 1,241 |
| C124 Married F | 375 |
| C125 Single F | 745 |
| C126 Widows F | 39 |
| C127 Total F | 1,159 |
| C128 Grand Total | 2,400 |
| C129 Deaths M | 14 |
| C13 Under 2 Years F | 41 |
| C13 WOOD WILD | 4,480 |
| C130 Deaths F | 9 |
| C131 Deaths Total | 23 |
| C132 Indians M | 27 |
| C133 Indians F | 20 |
| C134 Negroes M | 9 |
| C136 Attending School M | 227 |
| C137 Attending School F | 182 |
| C138 Adults unable to read or write M | 69 |
| C139 Adults unable to read or write F | 75 |
| C14 CASH FARM | 855,909 |
| C14 Deaths under 2 years M | 1 |
| C144 Lunatics M | 1 |
| C145 Lunatics F | 1 |
| C15 CASH IMP | 39,388 |
| C16 GARDN VALUE | 11,815 |
| C16 Under 3 years M | 40 |
| C17 LAND HELD | 163 |
| C17 Under 3 years F | 33 |
| C18 Deaths under 3 years M | 1 |
| C2 Females | 1,159 |
| C20 Under 4 years M | 30 |
| C21 Under 4 years F | 34 |
| C22 Deaths under 4 years M | 2 |
| C24 Under 5 years M | 35 |
| C25 Under 5 years F | 35 |
| C28 Between 5 and 10 Years M | 120 |
| C29 Between 5 and 10 years F | 141 |
| C3 Total | 2,400 |
| C31 Deaths between 5 and 10 years F | 1 |
| C32 INDN CRN AC | 1,082 |
| C33 Between 10 and 15 years Single M | 157 |
| C33 INDN CRN BU | 37,444 |
| C35 Between 10 and 15 years Single F | 135 |
| C36 TUR AC | 64 |
| C37 TUR BU | 21,919 |
| C38 Between 15 and 20 years Married M | 2 |
| C38 CAR BU | 16,285 |
| C39 Between 15 and 20 years Single M | 118 |
| C4 Members of Family M | 1,080 |
| C40 Between 15 and 20 years Married F | 1 |
| C40 MAN WURT BU | 6,415 |
| C41 BEN BU | 121 |
| C41 Between 15 and 20 years Single F | 126 |
| C42 Between 15 and 20 years Deaths M | 1 |
| C42 CLV TIM GRA | 62 |
| C43 Between 15 and 20 years Deaths F | 1 |
| C44 Between 20 and 30 years Married M | 64 |
| C44 HOP LBS | 21 |
| C45 Between 20 and 30 years Single M | 166 |
| C45 MPL SGR LBS | 50 |
| C46 CID GAL | 15,434 |
| C47 Between 20 and 30 years Married F | 100 |
| C48 Between 20 and 30 years Single F | 117 |
| C48 FLLD CLOTH YRDS | 321 |
| C49 Between 20 and 30 years Widows F | 1 |
| C49 FLAN YRDS | 745 |
| C5 Members of Family F | 1,034 |
| C50 Between 20 and 30 years Deaths M | 1 |
| C50 FLX HEM LBS | 270 |
| C51 Between 20 and 30 years Deaths F | 2 |
| C51 LIN YRDS | 46 |
| C52 Between 30 and 40 years Married M | 119 |
| C52 BULLS OX STEERS | 86 |
| C53 Between 30 and 40 years Single M | 30 |
| C53 MILK COWS | 865 |
| C54 Between 30 and 40 years Widowers M | 4 |
| C54 CALVES HEIFERS | 767 |
| C55 Between 30 and 40 years Married F | 110 |
| C55 HORSES | 806 |
| C56 Between 30 and 40 years Single F | 20 |
| C56 HORSES VAL | 51,832 |
| C57 Between 30 and 40 years Widows F | 4 |
| C57 COLTS FILLIES | 248 |
| C58 SHEEP | 2,761 |
| C59 Between 30 and 40 years Deaths F | 1 |
| C59 SWINE | 2,067 |
| C6 Not Members of Family M | 161 |
| C60 Between 40 and 50 years Married M | 81 |
| C60 TOT VALUE | 120,425 |
| C61 Between 40 and 50 years Single M | 11 |
| C61 BUTTER LB | 70,539 |
| C62 Between 40 and 50 years Widowers M | 6 |
| C62 CHEESE LB | 2,072 |
| C63 Between 40 and 50 years Married F | 62 |
| C64 Between 40 and 50 years Single F | 8 |
| C65 Between 40 and 50 years Widows F | 4 |
| C67 Between 40 and 50 years Deaths F | 1 |
| C68 Between 50 and 60 years Married M | 59 |
| C68 CAR PLEASURE | 156 |
| C69 Between 50 and 60 years Single M | 13 |
| C69 VALUE DOL P | 11,192 |
| C7 Not Members of Family F | 125 |
| C70 Between 50 and 60 years Widowers M | 2 |
| C71 Between 50 and 60 years Married F | 58 |
| C72 Between 50 and 60 years Single F | 12 |
| C73 Between 50 and 60 years Widows F | 13 |
| C74 Between 50 and 60 years Deaths M | 1 |
| C76 Between 60 and 70 years Married M | 57 |
| C77 Between 60 and 70 years Single M | 5 |
| C78 Between 60 and 70 years Widowers M | 8 |
| C79 Between 60 and 70 years Married F | 34 |
| C8 Births in 1860 M | 39 |
| C80 Between 60 and 70 years Single F | 4 |
| C81 Between 60 and 70 years Widows F | 11 |
| C82 Between 60 and 70 years Deaths M | 1 |
| C83 Between 60 and 70 years Deaths F | 1 |
| C84 Between 70 and 80 years Married M | 19 |
| C86 Between 70 and 80 years Widowers M | 4 |
| C87 Between 70 and 80 years Married F | 7 |
| C89 Between 70 and 80 years Widows F | 3 |
| C9 Births in 1860 F | 39 |
| C90 Between 70 and 80 years Deaths M | 3 |
| C92 Between 80 and 90 years Married M | 4 |
| C94 Between 80 and 90 years Widowers M | 3 |
| C95 Between 80 and 90 years Married F | 2 |
| C97 Between 80 and 90 years Widows F | 3 |
| C98 Between 80 and 90 years Deaths M | 1 |
| C99 Between 80 and 90 years Deaths F | 1 |
| CD NAME | Lincoln |
| Colored Persons | 9 |
| England and Wales | 161 |
| Guernsey Jersey and other British Islands | 1 |
| Indians | 47 |
| Ireland | 227 |
| Italy and Greece | 1 |
| Natives of Canada Not of French Origin | 1,730 |
| New Brunswick | 2 |
| Not Known | 1 |
| Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island | 6 |
| Scotland | 102 |
| Spain and Portugal | 1 |
| Switzerland | 14 |
| United States | 150 |
Identifiers
- TCP UID:
ON085007— year-scoped identifier from the Canadian Census Subdivision boundary file - Persistent place ID:
PLACE_ON085007— computed from spatial-overlap chains across census years - Wikidata: not yet grounded. This page covers a place whose persistent identity has not yet been linked to a Wikidata entity. Identification is via TCP UID and spatial polygon only.
Sources
Census tabulations from the 1861 Census of Canada, transcribed and georeferenced by the Canadian Peoples / TCP project, hosted at the HGIS Lab, University of Saskatchewan. Persistent place identity computed from spatial-overlap chains across all available census years (1851–1921). Identity grounding to Wikidata performed via the HGIS Canada Knowledge Graph project's MCP-assisted disambiguation pipeline. See the About / Methodology page for the full data pipeline.
Cite this page
Clifford, J. (2026). "Niagara, Ontario (1861 census)" in HGIS Canada Knowledge Graph. Retrieved from https://jimclifford.ca/hgiscanada/places/on/niagara-on085007-1861/.