Oxford, Ontario (1861 census)

Oxford was a census subdivision in Ontario, recorded in the 1861 Census of Canada with a population of 4,467. The administrative centroid was at approximately 44.952°N, 75.677°W.

Population

In 1861, Oxford had a population of 4,467: 2,291 male and 2,176 female residents.

Population trajectory across census years

Cross-year identity established by spatial polygon overlap (SAME_AS chains across the Canadian Census Subdivision boundary files).

Neighbouring Census Subdivisions in 1861

In the 1861 census, Oxford shared boundaries with:

• Augusta
• Edwardsburg
• Gower N
• Gower, South
• Kemptville, VL
• Marlborough
• Wolford

Full census record, 1861

The 1861 census recorded 169 measurements for this Census Subdivision across 6 categories.

Population & families (1861). This community's record includes 4,467 total population, 2,291 males, Male members of the family who are present: 2,178, 2,176 females, Female members of the family who are present: 2,098, 1,511 single males, 1,395 single females, 743 married males, 723 married females, 511 males attending school, 427 females attending school, Males present who are not members of the family: 113, 105 male births, 99 female births, Females present who are not members of the family: 78, 58 widowed females, 48 adult males unable to read or write, 37 widowed males, 25 adult females unable to read or write, 2 blind females, 1 blind males, 1 deaf and dumb females, 1 lunatic females, 1 lunatic males. (Source: 1861 Census of Canada, V1T5.)

Age structure (1861). This community's record includes 284 single males aged 10 to 15, 274 single males aged 15 to 20, 235 males aged 5 to 10, 234 married females aged 20 to 30, 228 single females aged 10 to 15, 215 married females aged 30 to 40, 205 single females aged 15 to 20, 203 females aged 5 to 10, 198 married females aged 40 to 50, 195 married males aged 30 to 40, 194 single females aged 20 to 30, 175 single males aged 20 to 30, 170 married males aged 50 to 60, 152 married males aged 40 to 50, 120 married males aged 20 to 30, 102 males aged 1 to 2, 99 males aged 2 to 3, 98 females aged 2 to 3, 98 males aged 4 to 5, 96 females aged 1 to 2, 90 males aged 3 to 4, 89 single females aged 30 to 40, 88 married males aged 60 to 70, 84 females age 3 to 4, 82 females aged 4 to 5, 54 married females aged 50 to 60, 27 single males aged 30 to 40, 16 married males aged 70 to 80, 12 married females aged 60 to 70, 12 widowed females aged 50 to 60, 11 widowed females aged 40 to 50, 11 widowed females aged 70 to 80, 10 widowed females aged 60 to 70, 9 single males aged 40 to 50, 9 widowed females aged 30 to 40, 9 widowed males aged 80 to 90, 8 married females aged 15 to 20, 8 single males aged 50 to 60, 7 single females aged 40 to 50, 7 widowed males aged 30 to 40, 7 widowed males aged 60 to 70, 6 widowed males aged 40 to 50, 5 single females aged 60 to 70, 5 widowed males aged 70 to 80, 3 single females aged 50 to 60, 3 single males aged 60 to 70, 3 widowed females aged 20 to 30, 2 married females aged 70 to 80, 2 married males aged 80 to 90, 2 single females aged 70 to 80, 2 widowed females aged 80 to 90, 2 widowed males aged 50 to 60, 1 single males aged 70 to 80, 1 widowed males aged 20 to 30. (Source: 1861 Census of Canada, V1T5.)

Ethnic origin (1861). This community's record includes 3,176 persons native to Canada, not of French origin, 973 persons originating in Ireland, 105 persons originating in England or Wales, 95 persons originating in the United States, 68 persons originating in Scotland, 48 French Canadians. (Source: 1861 Census of Canada, V1T1.) The 1861 enumerator also recorded 2 persons originating in Russia or Poland — single-county tallies of limited cross-year comparability.

Agriculture (1861). This community's record includes $672,582 value farms (dollars), $127,530 value all livestock, 105,574 pounds of homemade butter, 75,740 bushels of spring wheat, 74,252 bushels of potatoes, 69,696 bushels of oats, $64,450 value horses aged over 3 years, 50,519 acres of land in farms, $33,956 value farm implements in dollars, 26,849 acres of farmland in woodland or forest, 23,670 acres of farmland under cultivation, 14,576 acres of farmland under crops, 13,921 pounds of wool produced on farms, 11,857 pounds of maple sugar, 10,488 bushels of turnips, 8,986 acres of farmland in pasture, 8,509 bushels of buckwheat, 6,828 bushels of carrots, 5,790 bushels of peas, 5,145 acres of spring wheat, 4,208 bushels of rye, 3,970 sheep, 3,882 bushels of corn, 3,322 bushels of barley, 3,246 tons of hay, 3,124 acres of oats, 2,271 pounds of cheese produced on farms, 2,023 milk cows, 1,773 calves and heifers, $1,682 value garden and orchard crops, 1,548 swine, 1,331 barrels of pork, 1,014 horses aged over 3 years, 736 acres of potatoes, 604 occupants of farms, 561 horses aged 3 years and under, 537 acres of buckwheat, 503 bushels of mangel wurtzel, 448 pounds of hops, 356 acres of peas, 350 barrels of beef, 333 acres of rye, 287 persons living on farms between 50 and 100 acres, 217 bulls, oxen, or steers, 195 persons living on farms between 20 and 50 acres, 191 acres of barley, 174 acres of corn, 157 bushels of winter wheat, 140 pounds of flax or hemp, 108 acres of farmland in gardens, 105 bushels of beans, 84 persons living on farms between 100 and 200 acres, 64 bushels of clover, timothy, or other grass seed, 60 acres of farmland held by townspeople who are not farmers, 47 acres of turnips, 21 persons living on farms under 10 acres, 13 acres of winter wheat, 13 persons living on farms between 10 and 20 acres, 4 persons living on farms over 200 acres, 3 acres of mangel wurtzel, 3 gallons of cider. (Source: 1861 Census of Canada, V2T11.)

Manufacturing & industry (1861). This community's record includes $12,455 value carriages for pleasure (dollars), 10,324 yards of flannel, 3,126 yards of fulled cloth, 347 carriages for pleasure. (Source: 1861 Census of Canada, V2T11.)

Deaths & mortality (1861). This community's record includes 37 total number of deaths, Deaths in the past year among females of all ages: 21, Deaths in the past year among males of all ages: 16, Deaths in the past year among females of unknown age: 7, Deaths in the past year among males aged 70 to 80: 4, Deaths in the past year among males under age 1: 4, Deaths in the past year among females aged 15 to 20: 3, Deaths in the past year among females under age 1: 3, Deaths in the past year among males of unknown age: 3, Deaths in the past year among females aged 1 to 2: 2, Deaths in the past year among females aged 20 to 30: 2, Deaths in the past year among females aged 60 to 70: 2, Deaths in the past year among females aged 3 to 4: 1, Deaths in the past year among females aged 30 to 40: 1, Deaths in the past year among males aged 1 to 2: 1, Deaths in the past year among males aged 4 to 5: 1, Deaths in the past year among males aged 5 to 10: 1, Deaths in the past year among males aged 60 to 70: 1, Deaths in the past year among males aged 80 to 90: 1. (Source: 1861 Census of Canada, V1T5.)

People with Dictionary of Canadian Biography entries

The Dictionary of Canadian Biography includes biographies of 2 people connected to this place who were alive in 1861, listed below by birth year. Each name links to that person's DCB entry.

Identifiers

• TCP UID: ON074006 — year-scoped identifier from the Canadian Census Subdivision boundary file
• Persistent place ID: PLACE_ON113004 — computed from spatial-overlap chains across census years
• Wikidata: not yet grounded. This page covers a place whose persistent identity has not yet been linked to a Wikidata entity. Identification is via TCP UID and spatial polygon only.

Sources

Census tabulations from the 1861 Census of Canada, transcribed and georeferenced by the Canadian Peoples / TCP project, hosted at the HGIS Lab, University of Saskatchewan. Persistent place identity computed from spatial-overlap chains across all available census years (1851–1921). Identity grounding to Wikidata performed via the HGIS Canada Knowledge Graph project's MCP-assisted disambiguation pipeline. See the About / Methodology page for the full data pipeline.

Cite this page

Clifford, J. (2026). "Oxford, Ontario (1861 census)" in HGIS Canada Knowledge Graph. Retrieved from https://jimclifford.ca/hgiscanada/places/on/oxford-on074006-1861/.