Willoughby, Ontario (1861 census)
Willoughby was a census subdivision in Welland County, Ontario, recorded in the 1861 Census of Canada with a population of 1,539. The community is grounded to Wikidata Q8022201. The administrative centroid was at approximately 43.006°N, 79.069°W.
Population
In 1861, Willoughby had a population of 1,539: 803 male and 736 female residents. Population density was 46.9 people per square mile.
Population trajectory across census years
| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 1851 | 1,352 |
| 1861 | 1,539 |
| 1871 | 1,250 |
| 1881 | 1,273 |
| 1891 | 1,099 |
| 1901 | 991 |
| 1911 | 908 |
| 1921 | 917 |
Cross-year identity established by spatial polygon overlap (SAME_AS chains across the Canadian Census Subdivision boundary files).
Neighbouring Census Subdivisions in 1861
In the 1861 census, Willoughby shared boundaries with:
Full census record, 1861
The 1861 census recorded 338 measurements for this Census Subdivision across 7 categories. Tables below are collapsible.
Population & families (28 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Female members of the family who are present | 684 |
| Females present who are not members of the family | 52 |
| Male members of the family who are present | 734 |
| Males present who are not members of the family | 69 |
| Number of adult females unable to read or write | 8 |
| Number of adult males unable to read or write | 12 |
| Number of blind females | 1 |
| Number of blind males | 1 |
| Number of deaf and dumb females | 1 |
| Number of female births in the past year | 21 |
| Number of females | 736 |
| Number of females attending school | 134 |
| Number of lunatic females | 2 |
| Number of male births in the past year | 28 |
| Number of males | 803 |
| Number of males attending school | 178 |
| Number of married females | 247 |
| Number of married males | 241 |
| Number of persons at sea | 1 |
| Number of single females | 457 |
| Number of single males | 551 |
| Number of widowed females | 32 |
| Number of widowed males | 11 |
| POP FX N.1 | 736 |
| POP MX N.1 | 803 |
| POP TOT | 1,539 |
| POP XX N.1 | 1,539 |
| Total population | 1,539 |
Age structure (50 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Number of females age 3 to 4 | 32 |
| Number of females aged 1 to 2 | 32 |
| Number of females aged 2 to 3 | 27 |
| Number of females aged 4 to 5 | 13 |
| Number of females aged 5 to 10 | 81 |
| Number of males aged 1 to 2 | 25 |
| Number of males aged 2 to 3 | 25 |
| Number of males aged 3 to 4 | 19 |
| Number of males aged 4 to 5 | 21 |
| Number of males aged 5 to 10 | 94 |
| Number of married females aged 15 to 20 | 3 |
| Number of married females aged 20 to 30 | 68 |
| Number of married females aged 30 to 40 | 72 |
| Number of married females aged 40 to 50 | 52 |
| Number of married females aged 50 to 60 | 31 |
| Number of married females aged 60 to 70 | 18 |
| Number of married females aged 70 to 80 | 3 |
| Number of married males aged 15 to 20 | 1 |
| Number of married males aged 20 to 30 | 31 |
| Number of married males aged 30 to 40 | 69 |
| Number of married males aged 40 to 50 | 62 |
| Number of married males aged 50 to 60 | 45 |
| Number of married males aged 60 to 70 | 23 |
| Number of married males aged 70 to 80 | 9 |
| Number of married males aged 80 to 90 | 1 |
| Number of single females aged 10 to 15 | 98 |
| Number of single females aged 15 to 20 | 90 |
| Number of single females aged 20 to 30 | 46 |
| Number of single females aged 30 to 40 | 10 |
| Number of single females aged 40 to 50 | 2 |
| Number of single females aged 50 to 60 | 3 |
| Number of single females aged 60 to 70 | 10 |
| Number of single females aged 70 to 80 | 2 |
| Number of single males aged 10 to 15 | 109 |
| Number of single males aged 15 to 20 | 88 |
| Number of single males aged 20 to 30 | 107 |
| Number of single males aged 30 to 40 | 21 |
| Number of single males aged 40 to 50 | 7 |
| Number of single males aged 50 to 60 | 4 |
| Number of single males aged 60 to 70 | 2 |
| Number of single males aged 70 to 80 | 1 |
| Number of widowed females aged 30 to 40 | 2 |
| Number of widowed females aged 40 to 50 | 7 |
| Number of widowed females aged 50 to 60 | 7 |
| Number of widowed females aged 70 to 80 | 5 |
| Number of widowed females aged 80 to 90 | 1 |
| Number of widowed males aged 40 to 50 | 4 |
| Number of widowed males aged 50 to 60 | 3 |
| Number of widowed males aged 60 to 70 | 3 |
| Number of widowed males aged 80 to 90 | 1 |
Ethnic origin (11 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Number of female negroes or coloured persons | 12 |
| Number of male negroes or coloured persons | 19 |
| Number of negroes or coloured persons | 31 |
| Number of persons native to Canada, not of French origin | 1,046 |
| Number of persons originating in England or Wales | 22 |
| Number of persons originating in France | 46 |
| Number of persons originating in Germany or Holland | 193 |
| Number of persons originating in Ireland | 76 |
| Number of persons originating in Scotland | 42 |
| Number of persons originating in Sweden or Norway | 1 |
| Number of persons originating in the United States | 112 |
Agriculture (81 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Acres of barley | 798 |
| Acres of buckwheat | 226 |
| Acres of corn | 265 |
| Acres of farmland held by townspeople who are not farmers | 52 |
| Acres of farmland in gardens | 253 |
| Acres of farmland in pasture | 1,930 |
| Acres of farmland in woodland or forest | 6,113 |
| Acres of farmland under crops | 8,550 |
| Acres of farmland under cultivation | 10,733 |
| Acres of land in farms | 16,846 |
| Acres of mangel wurtzel | 3 |
| Acres of oats | 1,806 |
| Acres of peas | 421 |
| Acres of potatoes | 170 |
| Acres of rye | 118 |
| Acres of spring wheat | 803 |
| Acres of turnips | 3 |
| Acres of winter wheat | 455 |
| Barrels of beef produced in the past year | 86 |
| Barrels of pork produced in the past year | 555 |
| Bushels of barley produced in the past year | 21,597 |
| Bushels of beans produced in the past year | 63 |
| Bushels of buckwheat produced in the past year | 3,514 |
| Bushels of carrots produced in the past year | 615 |
| Bushels of clover, timothy, or other grass seed produced in the past year | 390 |
| Bushels of corn produced in the past year | 8,930 |
| Bushels of mangel wurtzel produced in the past year | 2,189 |
| Bushels of oats produced in the past year | 68,252 |
| Bushels of peas produced in the past year | 7,205 |
| Bushels of potatoes produced in the past year | 15,782 |
| Bushels of rye produced in the past year | 1,277 |
| Bushels of spring wheat produced in the past year | 15,044 |
| Bushels of turnips produced in the past year | 1,225 |
| Bushels of winter wheat produced in the past year | 5,652 |
| C18 WHT FALL AC | 455 |
| C19 WHT FALL BU | 5,652 |
| C20 WHT SP AC | 803 |
| C21 WHT SP BU | 15,044 |
| C22 BAR AC | 798 |
| C23 BAR BU | 21,597 |
| C24 RYE AC | 118 |
| C25 RYE BU | 1,277 |
| C26 PEA AC | 421 |
| C27 PEA BU | 7,205 |
| C28 OAT AC | 1,806 |
| C29 OAT BU | 68,252 |
| C30 BWT AC | 226 |
| C31 BWT BU | 3,514 |
| C34 POT AC | 170 |
| C35 POT BU | 15,782 |
| C43 HAY TONS | 1,856 |
| C47 WOOL LBS | 5,734 |
| C63 BEEF BAR | 86 |
| C64 PORK BAR | 555 |
| Gallons of cider produced in the past year | 15,441 |
| HRS ov03 V | 22,350 |
| Number of bulls, oxen, or steers | 35 |
| Number of calves and heifers | 611 |
| Number of horses aged 3 years and under | 108 |
| Number of horses aged over 3 years | 466 |
| Number of milk cows | 540 |
| Number of occupants of farms | 197 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 10 and 20 acres | 3 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 100 and 200 acres | 32 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 20 and 50 acres | 72 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 50 and 100 acres | 78 |
| Number of persons living on farms over 200 acres | 5 |
| Number of persons living on farms under 10 acres | 7 |
| Number of sheep | 1,819 |
| Number of swine | 1,046 |
| Pounds of cheese produced on farms in the past year | 1,155 |
| Pounds of flax or hemp produced in the past year | 862 |
| Pounds of homemade butter | 49,110 |
| Pounds of hops produced in the past year | 51 |
| Pounds of maple sugar produced in the past year | 1,247 |
| Pounds of wool produced on farms in the past year | 5,734 |
| Tons of hay produced in the past year | 1,856 |
| Value of all livestock | 67,497 |
| Value of farm implements in dollars | 21,868 |
| Value of farms (dollars) | 562,385 |
| Value of garden and orchard crops produced in the past year | 4,159 |
Manufacturing & industry (5 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Number of carriages for pleasure | 93 |
| Value of carriages for pleasure (dollars) | 4,633 |
| Yards of flannel produced in the past year | 1,658 |
| Yards of fulled cloth produced in the past year | 497 |
| Yards of linen produced in the past year | 42 |
Deaths & mortality (14 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 1 to 2 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 15 to 20 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 2 to 3 | 2 |
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 20 to 30 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 30 to 40 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among females of all ages | 7 |
| Deaths in the past year among females under age 1 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 1 to 2 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 2 to 3 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 30 to 40 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 60 to 70 | 2 |
| Deaths in the past year among males of all ages | 9 |
| Deaths in the past year among males under age 1 | 4 |
| Total number of deaths in the past year | 16 |
Other recorded variables (149 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| At Sea | 1 |
| C01 TOTAL | 197 |
| C02 OCC UNDR 10 | 7 |
| C03 OCC 10 TO 20 | 3 |
| C04 OCC 20 TO 50 | 72 |
| C05 OCC 50 TO 100 | 78 |
| C06 OCC 100 TO 200 | 32 |
| C07 OCC OVR 200 | 5 |
| C08 HELD | 16,846 |
| C09 UNDR CULT | 10,733 |
| C1 Males | 803 |
| C10 Deaths under 1 year M | 4 |
| C10 UNDR CROP | 8,550 |
| C11 Deaths under 1 year F | 1 |
| C11 UNDR PAST | 1,930 |
| C12 GARDENS | 253 |
| C12 Under 2 Years M | 25 |
| C120 Married M | 241 |
| C121 Single M | 551 |
| C122 Widowed M | 11 |
| C123 Total M | 803 |
| C124 Married F | 247 |
| C125 Single F | 457 |
| C126 Widows F | 32 |
| C127 Total F | 736 |
| C128 Grand Total | 1,539 |
| C129 Deaths M | 9 |
| C13 Under 2 Years F | 32 |
| C13 WOOD WILD | 6,113 |
| C130 Deaths F | 7 |
| C131 Deaths Total | 16 |
| C134 Negroes M | 19 |
| C135 Negreos F | 12 |
| C136 Attending School M | 178 |
| C137 Attending School F | 134 |
| C138 Adults unable to read or write M | 12 |
| C139 Adults unable to read or write F | 8 |
| C14 CASH FARM | 562,385 |
| C14 Deaths under 2 years M | 1 |
| C141 Deaf and Dumb F | 1 |
| C142 Blind M | 1 |
| C143 Blind F | 1 |
| C145 Lunatics F | 2 |
| C15 CASH IMP | 21,868 |
| C15 Deaths under 2 years F | 1 |
| C16 GARDN VALUE | 4,159 |
| C16 Under 3 years M | 25 |
| C17 LAND HELD | 52 |
| C17 Under 3 years F | 27 |
| C18 Deaths under 3 years M | 1 |
| C19 Deaths under 3 years F | 2 |
| C2 Females | 736 |
| C20 Under 4 years M | 19 |
| C21 Under 4 years F | 32 |
| C24 Under 5 years M | 21 |
| C25 Under 5 years F | 13 |
| C28 Between 5 and 10 Years M | 94 |
| C29 Between 5 and 10 years F | 81 |
| C3 Total | 1,539 |
| C32 INDN CRN AC | 265 |
| C33 Between 10 and 15 years Single M | 109 |
| C33 INDN CRN BU | 8,930 |
| C35 Between 10 and 15 years Single F | 98 |
| C36 TUR AC | 3 |
| C37 TUR BU | 1,225 |
| C38 Between 15 and 20 years Married M | 1 |
| C38 CAR BU | 615 |
| C39 Between 15 and 20 years Single M | 88 |
| C39 MAN WURT AC | 3 |
| C4 Members of Family M | 734 |
| C40 Between 15 and 20 years Married F | 3 |
| C40 MAN WURT BU | 2,189 |
| C41 BEN BU | 63 |
| C41 Between 15 and 20 years Single F | 90 |
| C42 CLV TIM GRA | 390 |
| C43 Between 15 and 20 years Deaths F | 1 |
| C44 Between 20 and 30 years Married M | 31 |
| C44 HOP LBS | 51 |
| C45 Between 20 and 30 years Single M | 107 |
| C45 MPL SGR LBS | 1,247 |
| C46 CID GAL | 15,441 |
| C47 Between 20 and 30 years Married F | 68 |
| C48 Between 20 and 30 years Single F | 46 |
| C48 FLLD CLOTH YRDS | 497 |
| C49 FLAN YRDS | 1,658 |
| C5 Members of Family F | 684 |
| C50 FLX HEM LBS | 862 |
| C51 Between 20 and 30 years Deaths F | 1 |
| C51 LIN YRDS | 42 |
| C52 Between 30 and 40 years Married M | 69 |
| C52 BULLS OX STEERS | 35 |
| C53 Between 30 and 40 years Single M | 21 |
| C53 MILK COWS | 540 |
| C54 CALVES HEIFERS | 611 |
| C55 Between 30 and 40 years Married F | 72 |
| C55 HORSES | 466 |
| C56 Between 30 and 40 years Single F | 10 |
| C56 HORSES VAL | 22,350 |
| C57 Between 30 and 40 years Widows F | 2 |
| C57 COLTS FILLIES | 108 |
| C58 Between 30 and 40 years Deaths M | 1 |
| C58 SHEEP | 1,819 |
| C59 Between 30 and 40 years Deaths F | 1 |
| C59 SWINE | 1,046 |
| C6 Not Members of Family M | 69 |
| C60 Between 40 and 50 years Married M | 62 |
| C60 TOT VALUE | 67,497 |
| C61 Between 40 and 50 years Single M | 7 |
| C61 BUTTER LB | 49,110 |
| C62 Between 40 and 50 years Widowers M | 4 |
| C62 CHEESE LB | 1,155 |
| C63 Between 40 and 50 years Married F | 52 |
| C64 Between 40 and 50 years Single F | 2 |
| C65 Between 40 and 50 years Widows F | 7 |
| C68 Between 50 and 60 years Married M | 45 |
| C68 CAR PLEASURE | 93 |
| C69 Between 50 and 60 years Single M | 4 |
| C69 VALUE DOL P | 4,633 |
| C7 Not Members of Family F | 52 |
| C70 Between 50 and 60 years Widowers M | 3 |
| C71 Between 50 and 60 years Married F | 31 |
| C72 Between 50 and 60 years Single F | 3 |
| C73 Between 50 and 60 years Widows F | 7 |
| C76 Between 60 and 70 years Married M | 23 |
| C77 Between 60 and 70 years Single M | 2 |
| C78 Between 60 and 70 years Widowers M | 3 |
| C79 Between 60 and 70 years Married F | 18 |
| C8 Births in 1860 M | 28 |
| C80 Between 60 and 70 years Single F | 10 |
| C82 Between 60 and 70 years Deaths M | 2 |
| C84 Between 70 and 80 years Married M | 9 |
| C85 Between 70 and 80 years Single M | 1 |
| C87 Between 70 and 80 years Married F | 3 |
| C88 Between 70 and 80 years Single F | 2 |
| C89 Between 70 and 80 years Widows F | 5 |
| C9 Births in 1860 F | 21 |
| C92 Between 80 and 90 years Married M | 1 |
| C94 Between 80 and 90 years Widowers M | 1 |
| C97 Between 80 and 90 years Widows F | 1 |
| CD NAME | Welland |
| Colored Persons | 31 |
| England and Wales | 22 |
| France | 46 |
| Ireland | 76 |
| Natives of Canada Not of French Origin | 1,046 |
| Prussia German States and Holland | 193 |
| Scotland | 42 |
| Swedan and Norway | 1 |
| United States | 112 |
Identifiers
- TCP UID:
ON102013— year-scoped identifier from the Canadian Census Subdivision boundary file - Persistent place ID:
PLACE_ON151008— computed from spatial-overlap chains across census years - Wikidata: Q8022201
- Wikipedia (EN): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Township,_Ontario
Sources
Census tabulations from the 1861 Census of Canada, transcribed and georeferenced by the Canadian Peoples / TCP project, hosted at the HGIS Lab, University of Saskatchewan. Persistent place identity computed from spatial-overlap chains across all available census years (1851–1921). Identity grounding to Wikidata performed via the HGIS Canada Knowledge Graph project's MCP-assisted disambiguation pipeline. See the About / Methodology page for the full data pipeline.
Cite this page
Clifford, J. (2026). "Willoughby, Ontario (1861 census)" in HGIS Canada Knowledge Graph. Retrieved from https://jimclifford.ca/hgiscanada/places/on/willoughby-on102013-1861/.