St. Esprit, Quebec (1861 census)
St. Esprit was a census subdivision in Montcalm County, Quebec, recorded in the 1861 Census of Canada with a population of 1,820. The administrative centroid was at approximately 45.909°N, 73.674°W.
Population
In 1861, St. Esprit had a population of 1,820: 915 male and 905 female residents. Population density was 88.0 people per square mile.
Population trajectory across census years
| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 1851 | 1,980 |
| 1861 | 1,820 |
| 1871 | 1,537 |
| 1881 | 1,685 |
| 1891 | 1,419 |
| 1901 | 1,392 |
| 1911 | 1,401 |
| 1921 | 1,504 |
Cross-year identity established by spatial polygon overlap (SAME_AS chains across the Canadian Census Subdivision boundary files).
Boundary continuity (non-identical overlaps)
Spatial polygon overlaps with adjacent census years where the boundary shifted enough that the SAME_AS chain didn't merge them. These show where the territory came from and went to even when it isn't tracked as the same persistent place.
Later boundary forms
- In a later year, this CSD became part of St. Esprit, 1871 (84.0% share).
Neighbouring Census Subdivisions in 1861
In the 1861 census, St. Esprit shared boundaries with:
Full census record, 1861
The 1861 census recorded 284 measurements for this Census Subdivision across 7 categories. Tables below are collapsible.
Population & families (23 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Female members of the family who are present | 853 |
| Females present who are not members of the family | 52 |
| Male members of the family who are present | 875 |
| Males present who are not members of the family | 40 |
| Number of adult females unable to read or write | 154 |
| Number of adult males unable to read or write | 181 |
| Number of female births in the past year | 21 |
| Number of females | 905 |
| Number of females attending school | 125 |
| Number of male births in the past year | 21 |
| Number of males | 915 |
| Number of males attending school | 159 |
| Number of married females | 235 |
| Number of married males | 251 |
| Number of single females | 637 |
| Number of single males | 649 |
| Number of widowed females | 33 |
| Number of widowed males | 15 |
| POP FX N.1 | 905 |
| POP MX N.1 | 915 |
| POP TOT | 1,820 |
| POP XX N.1 | 1,820 |
| Total population | 1,820 |
Age structure (58 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Number of females age 3 to 4 | 30 |
| Number of females aged 1 to 2 | 23 |
| Number of females aged 2 to 3 | 27 |
| Number of females aged 4 to 5 | 34 |
| Number of females aged 5 to 10 | 134 |
| Number of males aged 1 to 2 | 25 |
| Number of males aged 2 to 3 | 24 |
| Number of males aged 3 to 4 | 26 |
| Number of males aged 4 to 5 | 40 |
| Number of males aged 5 to 10 | 147 |
| Number of married females aged 15 to 20 | 8 |
| Number of married females aged 20 to 30 | 49 |
| Number of married females aged 30 to 40 | 65 |
| Number of married females aged 40 to 50 | 57 |
| Number of married females aged 50 to 60 | 30 |
| Number of married females aged 60 to 70 | 22 |
| Number of married females aged 70 to 80 | 2 |
| Number of married females aged 80 to 90 | 2 |
| Number of married males aged 15 to 20 | 3 |
| Number of married males aged 20 to 30 | 45 |
| Number of married males aged 30 to 40 | 57 |
| Number of married males aged 40 to 50 | 61 |
| Number of married males aged 50 to 60 | 40 |
| Number of married males aged 60 to 70 | 29 |
| Number of married males aged 70 to 80 | 14 |
| Number of married males aged 80 to 90 | 1 |
| Number of married males aged 90 to 100 | 1 |
| Number of single females aged 10 to 15 | 112 |
| Number of single females aged 15 to 20 | 95 |
| Number of single females aged 20 to 30 | 93 |
| Number of single females aged 30 to 40 | 29 |
| Number of single females aged 40 to 50 | 14 |
| Number of single females aged 50 to 60 | 14 |
| Number of single females aged 60 to 70 | 7 |
| Number of single females aged 70 to 80 | 3 |
| Number of single females aged 80 to 90 | 1 |
| Number of single males aged 10 to 15 | 133 |
| Number of single males aged 15 to 20 | 94 |
| Number of single males aged 20 to 30 | 84 |
| Number of single males aged 30 to 40 | 25 |
| Number of single males aged 40 to 50 | 10 |
| Number of single males aged 50 to 60 | 6 |
| Number of single males aged 60 to 70 | 6 |
| Number of single males aged 70 to 80 | 7 |
| Number of single males aged 80 to 90 | 1 |
| Number of widowed females aged 20 to 30 | 1 |
| Number of widowed females aged 30 to 40 | 2 |
| Number of widowed females aged 40 to 50 | 5 |
| Number of widowed females aged 50 to 60 | 10 |
| Number of widowed females aged 60 to 70 | 8 |
| Number of widowed females aged 70 to 80 | 5 |
| Number of widowed females aged 80 to 90 | 2 |
| Number of widowed males aged 40 to 50 | 1 |
| Number of widowed males aged 50 to 60 | 2 |
| Number of widowed males aged 60 to 70 | 3 |
| Number of widowed males aged 70 to 80 | 5 |
| Number of widowed males aged 80 to 90 | 3 |
| Number of widowed males aged 90 to 100 | 1 |
Ethnic origin (1 variable)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Number of French Canadians | 1,820 |
Agriculture (71 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Acres of barley | 430 |
| Acres of buckwheat | 104 |
| Acres of corn | 8 |
| Acres of farmland held by townspeople who are not farmers | 105 |
| Acres of farmland in pasture | 5,725 |
| Acres of farmland in woodland or forest | 2,900 |
| Acres of farmland under crops | 5,976 |
| Acres of farmland under cultivation | 11,701 |
| Acres of land in farms | 14,601 |
| Acres of oats | 4,113 |
| Acres of peas | 840 |
| Acres of potatoes | 139 |
| Acres of rye | 10 |
| Acres of spring wheat | 409 |
| Acres of winter wheat | 10 |
| Barrels of beef produced in the past year | 161 |
| Barrels of pork produced in the past year | 449 |
| Bushels of barley produced in the past year | 6,504 |
| Bushels of buckwheat produced in the past year | 1,300 |
| Bushels of clover, timothy, or other grass seed produced in the past year | 523 |
| Bushels of corn produced in the past year | 137 |
| Bushels of mangel wurtzel produced in the past year | 100 |
| Bushels of oats produced in the past year | 68,400 |
| Bushels of peas produced in the past year | 4,965 |
| Bushels of potatoes produced in the past year | 11,034 |
| Bushels of rye produced in the past year | 89 |
| Bushels of spring wheat produced in the past year | 5,252 |
| Bushels of winter wheat produced in the past year | 111 |
| C18 WHT FALL AC | 10 |
| C19 WHT FALL BU | 111 |
| C20 WHT SP AC | 409 |
| C21 WHT SP BU | 5,252 |
| C22 BAR AC | 430 |
| C23 BAR BU | 6,504 |
| C24 RYE AC | 10 |
| C25 RYE BU | 89 |
| C26 PEA AC | 840 |
| C27 PEA BU | 4,965 |
| C28 OAT AC | 4,113 |
| C29 OAT BU | 68,400 |
| C30 BWT AC | 104 |
| C31 BWT BU | 1,300 |
| C34 POT AC | 139 |
| C35 POT BU | 11,034 |
| C43 HAY TONS | 1,256 |
| C47 WOOL LBS | 4,251 |
| C63 BEEF BAR | 161 |
| C64 PORK BAR | 449 |
| HRS ov03 V | 30,549 |
| Number of bulls, oxen, or steers | 167 |
| Number of calves and heifers | 584 |
| Number of horses aged 3 years and under | 241 |
| Number of horses aged over 3 years | 502 |
| Number of milk cows | 848 |
| Number of occupants of farms | 156 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 10 and 20 acres | 2 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 100 and 200 acres | 39 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 20 and 50 acres | 22 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 50 and 100 acres | 87 |
| Number of persons living on farms over 200 acres | 4 |
| Number of persons living on farms under 10 acres | 2 |
| Number of sheep | 1,550 |
| Number of swine | 665 |
| Pounds of flax or hemp produced in the past year | 2,233 |
| Pounds of homemade butter | 27,295 |
| Pounds of maple sugar produced in the past year | 33,990 |
| Pounds of wool produced on farms in the past year | 4,251 |
| Tons of hay produced in the past year | 1,256 |
| Value of all livestock | 38,502 |
| Value of farm implements in dollars | 4,536 |
| Value of farms (dollars) | 460,600 |
Manufacturing & industry (5 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Number of carriages for pleasure | 79 |
| Value of carriages for pleasure (dollars) | 1,888 |
| Yards of flannel produced in the past year | 2,708 |
| Yards of fulled cloth produced in the past year | 2,017 |
| Yards of linen produced in the past year | 4,184 |
Deaths & mortality (4 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 20 to 30 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 4 to 5 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among females of all ages | 2 |
| Total number of deaths in the past year | 2 |
Other recorded variables (122 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| C01 TOTAL | 156 |
| C02 OCC UNDR 10 | 2 |
| C03 OCC 10 TO 20 | 2 |
| C04 OCC 20 TO 50 | 22 |
| C05 OCC 50 TO 100 | 87 |
| C06 OCC 100 TO 200 | 39 |
| C07 OCC OVR 200 | 4 |
| C08 HELD | 14,601 |
| C09 UNDR CULT | 11,701 |
| C1 Males | 915 |
| C10 UNDR CROP | 5,976 |
| C100 Between 90 and 100 years Married M | 1 |
| C102 Between 90 and 100 years Widowers M | 1 |
| C11 UNDR PAST | 5,725 |
| C12 Under 2 Years M | 25 |
| C120 Married M | 251 |
| C121 Single M | 649 |
| C122 Widowed M | 15 |
| C123 Total M | 915 |
| C124 Married F | 235 |
| C125 Single F | 637 |
| C126 Widows F | 33 |
| C127 Total F | 905 |
| C128 Grand Total | 1,820 |
| C13 Under 2 Years F | 23 |
| C13 WOOD WILD | 2,900 |
| C130 Deaths F | 2 |
| C131 Deaths Total | 2 |
| C136 Attending School M | 159 |
| C137 Attending School F | 125 |
| C138 Adults unable to read or write M | 181 |
| C139 Adults unable to read or write F | 154 |
| C14 CASH FARM | 460,600 |
| C15 CASH IMP | 4,536 |
| C16 Under 3 years M | 24 |
| C17 LAND HELD | 105 |
| C17 Under 3 years F | 27 |
| C2 Females | 905 |
| C20 Under 4 years M | 26 |
| C21 Under 4 years F | 30 |
| C24 Under 5 years M | 40 |
| C25 Under 5 years F | 34 |
| C27 Deaths under 5 years F | 1 |
| C28 Between 5 and 10 Years M | 147 |
| C29 Between 5 and 10 years F | 134 |
| C3 Total | 1,820 |
| C32 INDN CRN AC | 8 |
| C33 Between 10 and 15 years Single M | 133 |
| C33 INDN CRN BU | 137 |
| C35 Between 10 and 15 years Single F | 112 |
| C38 Between 15 and 20 years Married M | 3 |
| C39 Between 15 and 20 years Single M | 94 |
| C4 Members of Family M | 875 |
| C40 Between 15 and 20 years Married F | 8 |
| C40 MAN WURT BU | 100 |
| C41 Between 15 and 20 years Single F | 95 |
| C42 CLV TIM GRA | 523 |
| C44 Between 20 and 30 years Married M | 45 |
| C45 Between 20 and 30 years Single M | 84 |
| C45 MPL SGR LBS | 33,990 |
| C47 Between 20 and 30 years Married F | 49 |
| C48 Between 20 and 30 years Single F | 93 |
| C48 FLLD CLOTH YRDS | 2,017 |
| C49 Between 20 and 30 years Widows F | 1 |
| C49 FLAN YRDS | 2,708 |
| C5 Members of Family F | 853 |
| C50 FLX HEM LBS | 2,233 |
| C51 Between 20 and 30 years Deaths F | 1 |
| C51 LIN YRDS | 4,184 |
| C52 Between 30 and 40 years Married M | 57 |
| C52 BULLS OX STEERS | 167 |
| C53 Between 30 and 40 years Single M | 25 |
| C53 MILK COWS | 848 |
| C54 CALVES HEIFERS | 584 |
| C55 Between 30 and 40 years Married F | 65 |
| C55 HORSES | 502 |
| C56 Between 30 and 40 years Single F | 29 |
| C56 HORSES VAL | 30,549 |
| C57 Between 30 and 40 years Widows F | 2 |
| C57 COLTS FILLIES | 241 |
| C58 SHEEP | 1,550 |
| C59 SWINE | 665 |
| C6 Not Members of Family M | 40 |
| C60 Between 40 and 50 years Married M | 61 |
| C60 TOT VALUE | 38,502 |
| C61 Between 40 and 50 years Single M | 10 |
| C61 BUTTER LB | 27,295 |
| C62 Between 40 and 50 years Widowers M | 1 |
| C63 Between 40 and 50 years Married F | 57 |
| C64 Between 40 and 50 years Single F | 14 |
| C65 Between 40 and 50 years Widows F | 5 |
| C68 Between 50 and 60 years Married M | 40 |
| C68 CAR PLEASURE | 79 |
| C69 Between 50 and 60 years Single M | 6 |
| C69 VALUE DOL P | 1,888 |
| C7 Not Members of Family F | 52 |
| C70 Between 50 and 60 years Widowers M | 2 |
| C71 Between 50 and 60 years Married F | 30 |
| C72 Between 50 and 60 years Single F | 14 |
| C73 Between 50 and 60 years Widows F | 10 |
| C76 Between 60 and 70 years Married M | 29 |
| C77 Between 60 and 70 years Single M | 6 |
| C78 Between 60 and 70 years Widowers M | 3 |
| C79 Between 60 and 70 years Married F | 22 |
| C8 Births in 1860 M | 21 |
| C80 Between 60 and 70 years Single F | 7 |
| C81 Between 60 and 70 years Widows F | 8 |
| C84 Between 70 and 80 years Married M | 14 |
| C85 Between 70 and 80 years Single M | 7 |
| C86 Between 70 and 80 years Widowers M | 5 |
| C87 Between 70 and 80 years Married F | 2 |
| C88 Between 70 and 80 years Single F | 3 |
| C89 Between 70 and 80 years Widows F | 5 |
| C9 Births in 1860 F | 21 |
| C92 Between 80 and 90 years Married M | 1 |
| C93 Between 80 and 90 years Single M | 1 |
| C94 Between 80 and 90 years Widowers M | 3 |
| C95 Between 80 and 90 years Married F | 2 |
| C96 Between 80 and 90 years Single F | 1 |
| C97 Between 80 and 90 years Widows F | 2 |
| CD NAME | Montcalm |
| Natives of Canada French Origin | 1,820 |
Identifiers
- TCP UID:
QC034006— year-scoped identifier from the Canadian Census Subdivision boundary file - Persistent place ID:
PLACE_QC073005— computed from spatial-overlap chains across census years - Wikidata: not yet grounded. This page covers a place whose persistent identity has not yet been linked to a Wikidata entity. Identification is via TCP UID and spatial polygon only.
Sources
Census tabulations from the 1861 Census of Canada, transcribed and georeferenced by the Canadian Peoples / TCP project, hosted at the HGIS Lab, University of Saskatchewan. Persistent place identity computed from spatial-overlap chains across all available census years (1851–1921). Identity grounding to Wikidata performed via the HGIS Canada Knowledge Graph project's MCP-assisted disambiguation pipeline. See the About / Methodology page for the full data pipeline.
Cite this page
Clifford, J. (2026). "St. Esprit, Quebec (1861 census)" in HGIS Canada Knowledge Graph. Retrieved from https://jimclifford.ca/hgiscanada/places/qc/st-esprit-qc034006-1861/.