Cumberland, Ontario (1851 census)
Cumberland was a census subdivision in Russell County, Ontario, recorded in the 1851 Census of Canada with a population of 1,659. The community is grounded to Wikidata Q4210774. The administrative centroid was at approximately 45.425°N, 75.385°W.
Population
In 1851, Cumberland had a population of 1,659: 979 male and 680 female residents. Population density was 13.1 people per square mile.
Population trajectory across census years
| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 1851 | 1,659 |
| 1861 | 2,609 |
| 1871 | 2,922 |
| 1881 | 3,535 |
| 1891 | 4,014 |
| 1901 | 4,198 |
| 1911 | 4,033 |
| 1921 | 4,163 |
Cross-year identity established by spatial polygon overlap (SAME_AS chains across the Canadian Census Subdivision boundary files).
Neighbouring Census Subdivisions in 1851
In the 1851 census, Cumberland shared boundaries with:
Full census record, 1851
The 1851 census recorded 293 measurements for this Census Subdivision across 7 categories. Tables below are collapsible.
Population & families (27 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| C10 FAM NO | 236 |
| Female members of the family who are absent | 32 |
| Female members of the family who are present | 928 |
| Females present who are not members of the family | 51 |
| Male members of the family who are present | 332 |
| Male members of the family who are present | 94 |
| Males present who are not members of the family | 348 |
| Number of deaf and dumb females | 1 |
| Number of families | 236 |
| Number of female births in the past year | 33 |
| Number of females | 680 |
| Number of females attending school | 89 |
| Number of lunatic females | 1 |
| Number of male births in the past year | 26 |
| Number of males | 979 |
| Number of males attending school | 81 |
| Number of married females | 200 |
| Number of married males | 212 |
| Number of single females | 452 |
| Number of single males | 762 |
| Number of widowed females | 28 |
| Number of widowed males | 5 |
| POP | 1,659 |
| POP FX N.1 | 680 |
| POP MX N.1 | 979 |
| POP XX N.1 | 1,659 |
| Total population | 1,659 |
Age structure (46 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Number of females age 3 to 4 | 25 |
| Number of females aged 1 to 2 | 31 |
| Number of females aged 2 to 3 | 28 |
| Number of females aged 4 to 5 | 29 |
| Number of females aged 5 to 10 | 98 |
| Number of females under age 1 | 34 |
| Number of males aged 1 to 2 | 35 |
| Number of males aged 2 to 3 | 26 |
| Number of males aged 3 to 4 | 19 |
| Number of males aged 4 to 5 | 26 |
| Number of males aged 5 to 10 | 92 |
| Number of males of unknown age | 30 |
| Number of males under age 1 | 21 |
| Number of married females aged 15 to 20 | 11 |
| Number of married females aged 20 to 30 | 76 |
| Number of married females aged 30 to 40 | 42 |
| Number of married females aged 40 to 50 | 47 |
| Number of married females aged 50 to 60 | 16 |
| Number of married females aged 60 to 70 | 8 |
| Number of married males aged 20 to 30 | 49 |
| Number of married males aged 30 to 40 | 77 |
| Number of married males aged 40 to 50 | 38 |
| Number of married males aged 50 to 60 | 30 |
| Number of married males aged 60 to 70 | 13 |
| Number of married males aged 70 to 80 | 5 |
| Number of single females aged 10 to 15 | 77 |
| Number of single females aged 15 to 20 | 83 |
| Number of single females aged 20 to 30 | 40 |
| Number of single females aged 30 to 40 | 4 |
| Number of single females aged 40 to 50 | 3 |
| Number of single males aged 10 to 15 | 96 |
| Number of single males aged 15 to 20 | 160 |
| Number of single males aged 20 to 30 | 207 |
| Number of single males aged 30 to 40 | 34 |
| Number of single males aged 40 to 50 | 11 |
| Number of single males aged 50 to 60 | 4 |
| Number of single males aged 60 to 70 | 1 |
| Number of widowed females aged 20 to 30 | 1 |
| Number of widowed females aged 30 to 40 | 2 |
| Number of widowed females aged 40 to 50 | 8 |
| Number of widowed females aged 50 to 60 | 6 |
| Number of widowed females aged 60 to 70 | 5 |
| Number of widowed females aged 70 to 80 | 6 |
| Number of widowed males aged 40 to 50 | 2 |
| Number of widowed males aged 50 to 60 | 1 |
| Number of widowed males aged 60 to 70 | 2 |
Ethnic origin (9 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Number of French Canadians | 448 |
| Number of persons native to Canada, not of French origin | 671 |
| Number of persons originating in England or Wales | 34 |
| Number of persons originating in Ireland | 402 |
| Number of persons originating in New Brunswick | 1 |
| Number of persons originating in Nova Scotia or Prince Edward Island | 1 |
| Number of persons originating in Scotland | 92 |
| Number of persons originating in the United States | 6 |
| Number of persons whose origin is unknown | 4 |
Agriculture (66 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Acres of barley | 5 |
| Acres of buckwheat | 11 |
| Acres of corn | 54 |
| Acres of farmland in gardens or orchards | 9 |
| Acres of farmland in pasture | 1,023 |
| Acres of farmland in woodland or forest | 19,724 |
| Acres of farmland under crops | 3,208 |
| Acres of farmland under cultivation | 4,240 |
| Acres of land in farms | 23,964 |
| Acres of oats | 705 |
| Acres of peas | 170 |
| Acres of potatoes | 215 |
| Acres of rye | 1 |
| Acres of turnips | 50 |
| Acres of wheat | 574 |
| BAR AC | 5 |
| BAR BU | 68 |
| Barrels of beef produced in the past year | 96 |
| Barrels of pork produced in the past year | 299 |
| BEEF BAR | 96 |
| Bushels of barley produced in the past year | 68 |
| Bushels of beans produced in the past year | 63 |
| Bushels of buckwheat produced in the past year | 211 |
| Bushels of carrots produced in the past year | 47 |
| Bushels of clover, timothy, or other grass seed produced in the past year | 26 |
| Bushels of corn produced in the past year | 947 |
| Bushels of oats produced in the past year | 15,018 |
| Bushels of peas produced in the past year | 2,051 |
| Bushels of potatoes produced in the past year | 11,868 |
| Bushels of rye produced in the past year | 10 |
| Bushels of turnips produced in the past year | 6,050 |
| Bushels of wheat produced in the past year | 6,851 |
| BWT AC | 11 |
| BWT BU | 211 |
| CRN AC | 54 |
| CRN BU | 947 |
| HAY TONS | 1,386 |
| Number of bulls, oxen, or steers | 210 |
| Number of calves and heifers | 562 |
| Number of horses | 246 |
| Number of milk cows | 460 |
| Number of occupants of farms | 185 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 100 and 200 acres | 46 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 20 and 50 acres | 19 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 50 and 100 acres | 116 |
| Number of persons living on farms over 200 acres | 4 |
| Number of sheep | 926 |
| Number of swine | 545 |
| OAT AC | 705 |
| OAT BU | 15,018 |
| PEA AC | 170 |
| PEA BU | 2,051 |
| PORK BAR | 299 |
| POT AC | 215 |
| POT BU | 11,868 |
| Pounds of cheese produced on farms in the past year | 990 |
| Pounds of homemade butter | 30,050 |
| Pounds of hops produced in the past year | 38 |
| Pounds of maple sugar produced in the past year | 970 |
| Pounds of wool produced on farms in the past year | 2,494 |
| RYE AC | 1 |
| RYE BU | 10 |
| Tons of hay produced in the past year | 1,386 |
| WHT AC | 574 |
| WHT BU | 6,851 |
| WOOL LBS | 2,494 |
Manufacturing & industry (8 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Number of employees in saw mills | 11 |
| Number of saw mills | 2 |
| Number of saw mills not reporting | 1 |
| Number of saw mills powered by water | 2 |
| Number of saw mills reporting value of annual production or rent | 1 |
| Value of annual production or rent from saw mills (pounds sterling) | 50 |
| Yards of flannel produced in the past year | 1,448 |
| Yards of fulled cloth produced in the past year | 374 |
Deaths & mortality (11 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 20 to 30 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 50 to 60 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among females of all ages | 5 |
| Deaths in the past year among females under age 1 | 3 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 50 to 60 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 60 to 70 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 70 to 80 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among males of all ages | 6 |
| Deaths in the past year among males of unknown age | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among males under age 1 | 2 |
| Total number of deaths in the past year | 11 |
Other recorded variables (126 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| B LBS | 30,050 |
| BEN BU | 63 |
| BOV | 210 |
| C H | 562 |
| C LBS | 990 |
| C01 SEX MALE | 979 |
| C02 SEX FEM | 680 |
| C03 TOTAL | 1,659 |
| C04 MEM OF FAM M | 332 |
| C05 MEM OF FAM F | 928 |
| C06 NOT MEM OF FAM M | 348 |
| C07 NOT MEM OF FAM F | 51 |
| C08 MEM OF FAM ABSENT M | 94 |
| C09 MEM OF FAM ABSENT F | 32 |
| C12 BIRTHS M | 26 |
| C122 AGES NOT GIVEN M | 30 |
| C124 DEATHS AGES NOT GIVEN M | 1 |
| C126 MD MALE | 212 |
| C127 S MALE | 762 |
| C128 WID MALE | 5 |
| C129 TOT MALE | 979 |
| C13 BIRTHS F | 33 |
| C130 MD FEM | 200 |
| C131 S FEM | 452 |
| C132 WID FEM | 28 |
| C133 TOT FEM | 680 |
| C134 GRAND TOT | 1,659 |
| C135 DEATHS M | 6 |
| C136 DEATHS F | 5 |
| C137 DEATHS TOT | 11 |
| C14 UNDER 1 M | 21 |
| C143 ATTND SCHOOL M | 81 |
| C144 ATTND SCHOOL F | 89 |
| C146 DEAF AND DUMB F | 1 |
| C15 UNDER 1 F | 34 |
| C150 LUNATICS F | 1 |
| C16 DEATHS UNDER 1 M | 2 |
| C16 SM NO | 2 |
| C17 DEATHS UNDER 1 F | 3 |
| C18 SM WATER | 2 |
| C18 UNDER 2 M | 35 |
| C19 UNDER 2 F | 31 |
| C22 UNDER 3 M | 26 |
| C23 UNDER 3 F | 28 |
| C26 SM ANNUAL NO | 1 |
| C26 UNDER 4 M | 19 |
| C27 SM ANNUAL P | 50 |
| C27 UNDER 4 F | 25 |
| C30 SM EMPLOYED | 11 |
| C30 UNDER 5 M | 26 |
| C31 SM NO RETURNS | 1 |
| C31 UNDER 5 F | 29 |
| C34 BTWN 5 AND 10 M | 92 |
| C35 BTWN 5 AND 10 F | 98 |
| C39 BTWN 10 AND 15 M S | 96 |
| C41 BTWN 10 AND 15 F S | 77 |
| C45 BTWN 15 AND 20 M S | 160 |
| C46 BTWN 15 AND 20 F MD | 11 |
| C47 BTWN 15 AND 20 F S | 83 |
| C50 BTWN 20 AND 30 M MD | 49 |
| C51 BTWN 20 AND 30 M S | 207 |
| C53 BTWN 20 AND 30 F MD | 76 |
| C54 BTWN 20 AND 30 F S | 40 |
| C55 BTWN 20 AND 30 F WID | 1 |
| C57 BTWN 20 AND 30 F DEATHS | 1 |
| C58 BTWN 30 AND 40 M MD | 77 |
| C59 BTWN 30 AND 40 M S | 34 |
| C61 BTWN 30 AND 40 F MD | 42 |
| C62 BTWN 30 AND 40 F S | 4 |
| C63 BTWN 30 AND 40 F WID | 2 |
| C66 BTWN 40 AND 50 M MD | 38 |
| C67 BTWN 40 AND 50 M S | 11 |
| C68 BTWN 40 AND 50 M WID | 2 |
| C69 BTWN 40 AND 50 F MD | 47 |
| C70 BTWN 40 AND 50 F S | 3 |
| C71 BTWN 40 AND 50 F WID | 8 |
| C74 BTWN 50 AND 60 M MD | 30 |
| C75 BTWN 50 AND 60 M S | 4 |
| C76 BTWN 50 AND 60 M WID | 1 |
| C77 BTWN 50 AND 60 F MD | 16 |
| C79 BTWN 50 AND 60 F WID | 6 |
| C80 BTWN 50 AND 60 M DEATHS | 1 |
| C81 BTWN 50 AND 60 F DEATHS | 1 |
| C82 BTWN 60 AND 70 M MD | 13 |
| C83 BTWN 60 AND 70 M S | 1 |
| C84 BTWN 60 AND 70 M WID | 2 |
| C85 BTWN 60 AND 70 F MD | 8 |
| C87 BTWN 60 AND 70 F WID | 5 |
| C88 BTWN 60 AND 70 M DEATHS | 1 |
| C90 BTWN 70 AND 80 M MD | 5 |
| C95 BTWN 70 AND 80 F WID | 6 |
| C96 BTWN 70 AND 80 M DEATHS | 1 |
| CAR BU | 47 |
| CD NAME | Russell |
| CROP | 3,208 |
| CULT | 4,240 |
| ENG WLS | 34 |
| FC YRDS | 374 |
| FLAN YRDS | 1,448 |
| FREN ORIG | 448 |
| GARDEN | 9 |
| GRA BU | 26 |
| HELD | 23,964 |
| HOP LBS | 38 |
| HORSE | 246 |
| IRE | 402 |
| LINE NO | 308 |
| M COWS | 460 |
| MPLS LBS | 970 |
| NB | 1 |
| NOT FRN | 671 |
| NOT KNOWN | 4 |
| NS PEI | 1 |
| O 100 TO 200 | 46 |
| O 20 TO 50 | 19 |
| O 50 TO 100 | 116 |
| O OVR 200 | 4 |
| PASTURE | 1,023 |
| SCOT | 92 |
| SHEEP | 926 |
| SWINE | 545 |
| TOT O | 185 |
| TUR AC | 50 |
| TUR BU | 6,050 |
| US | 6 |
| WOOD | 19,724 |
Identifiers
- TCP UID:
ON034001— year-scoped identifier from the Canadian Census Subdivision boundary file - Persistent place ID:
PLACE_ON143003— computed from spatial-overlap chains across census years - Wikidata: Q4210774
- Wikipedia (EN): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumberland,_Ontario
Sources
Census tabulations from the 1851 Census of Canada, transcribed and georeferenced by the Canadian Peoples / TCP project, hosted at the HGIS Lab, University of Saskatchewan. Persistent place identity computed from spatial-overlap chains across all available census years (1851–1921). Identity grounding to Wikidata performed via the HGIS Canada Knowledge Graph project's MCP-assisted disambiguation pipeline. See the About / Methodology page for the full data pipeline.
Cite this page
Clifford, J. (2026). "Cumberland, Ontario (1851 census)" in HGIS Canada Knowledge Graph. Retrieved from https://jimclifford.ca/hgiscanada/places/on/cumberland-on034001-1851/.