Cumberland, Ontario (1861 census)
Cumberland was a census subdivision in Ontario, recorded in the 1861 Census of Canada with a population of 2,609. The community is grounded to Wikidata Q4210774. The administrative centroid was at approximately 45.425°N, 75.385°W.
Population
In 1861, Cumberland had a population of 2,609: 1,455 male and 1,154 female residents.
Population trajectory across census years
| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 1851 | 1,659 |
| 1861 | 2,609 |
| 1871 | 2,922 |
| 1881 | 3,535 |
| 1891 | 4,014 |
| 1901 | 4,198 |
| 1911 | 4,033 |
| 1921 | 4,163 |
Cross-year identity established by spatial polygon overlap (SAME_AS chains across the Canadian Census Subdivision boundary files).
Neighbouring Census Subdivisions in 1861
In the 1861 census, Cumberland shared boundaries with:
Full census record, 1861
The 1861 census recorded 159 measurements for this Census Subdivision across 6 categories.
Population & families (1861). This community's record includes 2,609 total population, 1,455 males, Male members of the family who are present: 1,273, 1,154 females, 1,054 single males, Female members of the family who are present: 1,045, 880 single females, 376 married males, 241 married females, Males present who are not members of the family: 182, 169 males attending school, 156 females attending school, 121 adult males unable to read or write, Females present who are not members of the family: 109, 72 adult females unable to read or write, 52 female births, 46 male births, 33 widowed females, 25 widowed males, 1 deaf and dumb males, 1 lunatic males. (Source: 1861 Census of Canada, V1T5.)
Age structure (1861). This community's record includes 249 single males aged 20 to 30, 176 single males aged 10 to 15, 172 single females aged 10 to 15, 148 females aged 5 to 10, 146 males aged 5 to 10, 135 single males aged 15 to 20, 127 single females aged 15 to 20, 121 married males aged 30 to 40, 113 single females aged 20 to 30, 84 married females aged 20 to 30, 83 married males aged 20 to 30, 83 married males aged 40 to 50, 71 married females aged 30 to 40, 58 single males aged 30 to 40, 57 males aged 3 to 4, 55 males aged 1 to 2, 49 males aged 2 to 3, 48 married males aged 50 to 60, 47 females aged 1 to 2, 47 females aged 2 to 3, 46 married females aged 40 to 50, 45 females age 3 to 4, 43 single females aged 30 to 40, 41 males aged 4 to 5, 37 females aged 4 to 5, 28 married males aged 60 to 70, 24 married females aged 50 to 60, 23 single females aged 40 to 50, 21 single males aged 40 to 50, 12 single females aged 60 to 70, 10 married males aged 70 to 80, 10 single females aged 50 to 60, 10 single males aged 50 to 60, 10 widowed females aged 50 to 60, 10 widowed females aged 60 to 70, 9 married females aged 60 to 70, 7 single males aged 60 to 70, 7 widowed males aged 30 to 40, 5 widowed males aged 50 to 60, 4 married females aged 15 to 20, 4 single females aged 70 to 80, 4 single males aged 70 to 80, 4 widowed females aged 20 to 30, 4 widowed females aged 40 to 50, 4 widowed males aged 60 to 70, 4 widowed males aged 70 to 80, 3 married females aged 70 to 80, 3 widowed females aged 70 to 80, 3 widowed males aged 40 to 50, 2 married males aged 80 to 90, 2 widowed females aged 30 to 40, 2 widowed males aged 20 to 30, 1 married males aged 90 to 100. (Source: 1861 Census of Canada, V1T5.)
Ethnic origin (1861). This community's record includes 1,296 persons native to Canada, not of French origin, 691 French Canadians, 478 persons originating in Ireland, 82 persons originating in Scotland, 42 persons originating in England or Wales, 15 persons originating in the United States, 2 persons originating in France, 1 persons originating in Nova Scotia or Prince Edward Island, 1 persons originating in Switzerland. 1 persons originating in Guernsey, Jersey, or other British islands. (Source: 1861 Census of Canada, V1T1.)
Agriculture (1861). This community's record includes $385,270 value farms (dollars), $72,292 value all livestock, 60,060 pounds of homemade butter, 42,847 bushels of oats, 33,344 bushels of potatoes, $30,644 value horses aged over 3 years, 26,020 acres of land in farms, 17,490 acres of farmland in woodland or forest, $15,345 value farm implements in dollars, 14,253 bushels of spring wheat, 11,335 bushels of turnips, 8,530 acres of farmland under cultivation, 7,591 bushels of peas, 4,945 acres of farmland under crops, 3,537 acres of farmland in pasture, 3,225 bushels of winter wheat, 2,308 tons of hay, 1,890 pounds of maple sugar, 1,882 pounds of wool produced on farms, 1,684 bushels of corn, 1,436 acres of oats, 1,306 pounds of cheese produced on farms, 1,035 bushels of buckwheat, $955 value garden and orchard crops, 875 sheep, 754 acres of spring wheat, 636 swine, 604 milk cows, 582 calves and heifers, 545 bushels of barley, 535 bushels of carrots, 423 horses aged over 3 years, 420 barrels of pork, 391 acres of peas, 264 acres of potatoes, 221 occupants of farms, 213 barrels of beef, 182 acres of winter wheat, 174 horses aged 3 years and under, 137 persons living on farms between 50 and 100 acres, 135 bulls, oxen, or steers, 78 acres of corn, 77 pounds of hops, 76 acres of turnips, 55 bushels of rye, 48 acres of farmland in gardens, 47 acres of buckwheat, 44 persons living on farms between 100 and 200 acres, 35 bushels of clover, timothy, or other grass seed, 31 persons living on farms between 20 and 50 acres, 28 acres of barley, 13 acres of farmland held by townspeople who are not farmers, 8 persons living on farms over 200 acres, 3 acres of rye, 2 bushels of beans, 1 persons living on farms under 10 acres. (Source: 1861 Census of Canada, V2T11.)
Manufacturing & industry (1861). This community's record includes $5,532 value carriages for pleasure (dollars), 1,859 yards of flannel, $1,200 value carriages for hire (dollars), 550 yards of fulled cloth, 131 carriages for pleasure, 72 yards of linen, 24 carriages for hire. (Source: 1861 Census of Canada, V2T11.)
Deaths & mortality (1861). This community's record includes 15 total number of deaths, Deaths in the past year among females of all ages: 10, Deaths in the past year among females under age 1: 5, Deaths in the past year among males of all ages: 5, Deaths in the past year among females aged 20 to 30: 2, Deaths in the past year among males aged 70 to 80: 2, Deaths in the past year among females aged 2 to 3: 1, Deaths in the past year among females aged 30 to 40: 1, Deaths in the past year among females aged 60 to 70: 1, Deaths in the past year among males aged 1 to 2: 1, Deaths in the past year among males aged 4 to 5: 1, Deaths in the past year among males under age 1: 1. (Source: 1861 Census of Canada, V1T5.)
Identifiers
- TCP UID:
ON097003— year-scoped identifier from the Canadian Census Subdivision boundary file - Persistent place ID:
PLACE_ON143003— computed from spatial-overlap chains across census years - Wikidata: Q4210774
- Wikipedia (EN): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumberland,_Ontario
Sources
Census tabulations from the 1861 Census of Canada, transcribed and georeferenced by the Canadian Peoples / TCP project, hosted at the HGIS Lab, University of Saskatchewan. Persistent place identity computed from spatial-overlap chains across all available census years (1851–1921). Identity grounding to Wikidata performed via the HGIS Canada Knowledge Graph project's MCP-assisted disambiguation pipeline. See the About / Methodology page for the full data pipeline.
Cite this page
Clifford, J. (2026). "Cumberland, Ontario (1861 census)" in HGIS Canada Knowledge Graph. Retrieved from https://jimclifford.ca/hgiscanada/places/on/cumberland-on097003-1861/.