Cumberland, Ontario (1891 census)
Cumberland was a census subdivision in Ontario, recorded in the 1891 Census of Canada with a population of 4,014. The community is grounded to Wikidata Q4210774. The administrative centroid was at approximately 45.425°N, 75.385°W.
Population
In 1891, Cumberland had a population of 4,014: 2,110 male and 1,904 female residents. Population density was 31.7 people per square mile.
Population trajectory across census years
| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 1851 | 1,659 |
| 1861 | 2,609 |
| 1871 | 2,922 |
| 1881 | 3,535 |
| 1891 | 4,014 |
| 1901 | 4,198 |
| 1911 | 4,033 |
| 1921 | 4,163 |
Cross-year identity established by spatial polygon overlap (SAME_AS chains across the Canadian Census Subdivision boundary files).
Neighbouring Census Subdivisions in 1891
In the 1891 census, Cumberland shared boundaries with:
Full census record, 1891
The 1891 census recorded 172 measurements for this Census Subdivision across 6 categories. Tables below are collapsible.
Population & families (15 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Average size of families | 5.50 |
| FAM NO | 726 |
| Number of families | 726 |
| Number of females | 1,904 |
| Number of males | 2,110 |
| Number of married females | 606 |
| Number of married males | 608 |
| Number of married persons | 1,214 |
| Number of widowed females | 91 |
| Number of widowed males | 48 |
| Number of widowed persons | 139 |
| POP F | 1,904 |
| POP M | 2,110 |
| POP TOT | 4,014 |
| Total population | 4,014 |
Age structure (3 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Number of single females under 18 | 1,207 |
| Number of single males under 18 | 1,454 |
| Number of single persons under 18 | 2,661 |
Ethnic origin (2 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Number of French Canadians | 1,310 |
| Number of persons who are not French Canadian | 2,704 |
Buildings & housing (18 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Number of dwellings that are vessels and shanties | 1 |
| Number of houses | 688 |
| Number of houses built of brick | 15 |
| Number of houses built of stone | 4 |
| Number of houses built of wood | 669 |
| Number of houses of 1 room | 3 |
| Number of houses of 1 story | 371 |
| Number of houses of 11 to 15 rooms | 17 |
| Number of houses of 2 rooms | 82 |
| Number of houses of 2 stories | 317 |
| Number of houses of 3 rooms | 146 |
| Number of houses of 4 rooms | 138 |
| Number of houses of 5 rooms | 68 |
| Number of houses of 6 to 10 rooms | 231 |
| Number of houses of over 15 rooms | 3 |
| Number of houses under construction | 5 |
| Number of occupied houses | 689 |
| Number of uninhabited houses | 36 |
Agriculture (66 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Acres of barley | 454 |
| Acres of farmland in gardens or orchards | 194 |
| Acres of farmland in pasture | 8,869 |
| Acres of farmland in woodland or forest | 27,097 |
| Acres of farmland under crops | 23,785 |
| Acres of hay crops | 9,020 |
| Acres of improved land in farms | 32,848 |
| Acres of land in farms | 59,945 |
| Acres of oats | 7,855 |
| Acres of potatoes | 506 |
| Acres of turnips | 141 |
| Acres of wheat | 1,406 |
| BAR AC | 454 |
| BAR BU | 8,978 |
| Bushels of barley produced in the past year | 8,978 |
| Bushels of beans produced in the past year | 738 |
| Bushels of buckwheat produced in the past year | 5,764 |
| Bushels of clover, timothy, or other grass seed produced in the past year | 244 |
| Bushels of corn produced in the past year | 2,790 |
| Bushels of oats produced in the past year | 163,472 |
| Bushels of peas produced in the past year | 19,360 |
| Bushels of potatoes produced in the past year | 60,390 |
| Bushels of rye produced in the past year | 742 |
| Bushels of spring wheat produced in the past year | 18,298 |
| Bushels of turnips produced in the past year | 62,192 |
| Bushels of winter wheat produced in the past year | 55 |
| BWT BU | 5,764 |
| CRN BU | 2,790 |
| HAY AC | 9,020 |
| HAY TONS | 9,639 |
| Number of cattle killed or sold in the past year | 785 |
| Number of chickens | 14,328 |
| Number of ducks | 144 |
| Number of farm occupants who own their land | 576 |
| Number of farm occupants who rent their land | 94 |
| Number of geese | 446 |
| Number of horses aged 3 years and under | 536 |
| Number of horses aged over 3 years | 1,261 |
| Number of milk cows | 2,480 |
| Number of occupants of farms | 670 |
| Number of other cattle | 2,165 |
| Number of other fowl | 24 |
| Number of oxen | 6 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 101 and 200 acres | 107 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 11 and 50 acres | 143 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 51 and 100 acres | 251 |
| Number of persons living on farms over 200 acres | 37 |
| Number of persons living on farms under 10 acres | 132 |
| Number of sheep | 2,009 |
| Number of sheep slaughtered or sold | 984 |
| Number of swine | 1,225 |
| Number of swine slaughtered or sold | 1,860 |
| Number of turkeys | 475 |
| OAT AC | 7,855 |
| OAT BU | 163,472 |
| PEA BU | 19,360 |
| POT AC | 506 |
| POT BU | 60,390 |
| Pounds of cheese produced on farms in the past year | 1,295 |
| Pounds of coarse wool produced on farms in the past year | 8,410 |
| Pounds of homemade butter | 164,069 |
| RYE BU | 742 |
| Tons of hay produced in the past year | 9,639 |
| WHT AC | 1,406 |
| WHT FALL BU | 55 |
| WHT SP BU | 18,298 |
Other recorded variables (68 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| A 101 200 | 107 |
| A 11 50 | 143 |
| A 201 PL | 37 |
| A 51 100 | 251 |
| BEN BU | 738 |
| BUTTER LB | 164,069 |
| CATTLE KS | 785 |
| CHEESE LB | 1,295 |
| CHILD AND UNMD FEM | 1,207 |
| CHILD AND UNMD MALE | 1,454 |
| CHILD AND UNMD TOT | 2,661 |
| COARSE WOOL LB | 8,410 |
| COLTS FILLIES | 536 |
| DUCKS | 144 |
| FAMILIES | 726 |
| FAMILIES AV SIZE | 5.50 |
| FRN CA | 1,310 |
| GEESE | 446 |
| GRA BU | 244 |
| HENS AND CHKN | 14,328 |
| HORSES OVR THREE | 1,261 |
| HOUSES | 688 |
| HOUSES B | 15 |
| HOUSES CON | 5 |
| HOUSES ELVN TO FIFTN RM | 17 |
| HOUSES FIVE RM | 68 |
| HOUSES FOUR RM | 138 |
| HOUSES ONE RM | 3 |
| HOUSES ONE STRY | 371 |
| HOUSES S | 4 |
| HOUSES SIX TO TEN RM | 231 |
| HOUSES SIXTN OVR RM | 3 |
| HOUSES THREE RM | 146 |
| HOUSES TWO RM | 82 |
| HOUSES TWO STRY | 317 |
| HOUSES UNINH | 36 |
| HOUSES W | 669 |
| INF 11 A | 132 |
| MD FEM | 606 |
| MD MALE | 608 |
| MD TOT | 1,214 |
| MILK COWS | 2,480 |
| NAME CD | Russell |
| OC F | 94 |
| OC P | 576 |
| OC TOT | 670 |
| OTHER FOWL | 24 |
| OTHER HRN CATTLE | 2,165 |
| OTHERS | 2,704 |
| SHEEP | 2,009 |
| SHEEP KS | 984 |
| SUP AM | 32,848 |
| SUP FOR | 27,097 |
| SUP JV | 194 |
| SUP PAT | 8,869 |
| SUP SC | 23,785 |
| SUP TOT | 59,945 |
| SWINE | 1,225 |
| SWINE KS | 1,860 |
| TOT DWLG OCC | 689 |
| TUR AC | 141 |
| TUR BU | 62,192 |
| TURKEY | 475 |
| VESS AND SHAN | 1 |
| WID FEM | 91 |
| WID MALE | 48 |
| WID TOT | 139 |
| WORKING OX | 6 |
Identifiers
- TCP UID:
ON116003— year-scoped identifier from the Canadian Census Subdivision boundary file - Persistent place ID:
PLACE_ON143003— computed from spatial-overlap chains across census years - Wikidata: Q4210774
- Wikipedia (EN): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumberland,_Ontario
Sources
Census tabulations from the 1891 Census of Canada, transcribed and georeferenced by the Canadian Peoples / TCP project, hosted at the HGIS Lab, University of Saskatchewan. Persistent place identity computed from spatial-overlap chains across all available census years (1851–1921). Identity grounding to Wikidata performed via the HGIS Canada Knowledge Graph project's MCP-assisted disambiguation pipeline. See the About / Methodology page for the full data pipeline.
Cite this page
Clifford, J. (2026). "Cumberland, Ontario (1891 census)" in HGIS Canada Knowledge Graph. Retrieved from https://jimclifford.ca/hgiscanada/places/on/cumberland-on116003-1891/.