Cumberland, Ontario (1891 census)
Cumberland was a census subdivision in Ontario, recorded in the 1891 Census of Canada with a population of 4,014. The community is grounded to Wikidata Q4210774. The administrative centroid was at approximately 45.425°N, 75.385°W.
Population
In 1891, Cumberland had a population of 4,014: 2,110 male and 1,904 female residents.
Population trajectory across census years
| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 1851 | 1,659 |
| 1861 | 2,609 |
| 1871 | 2,922 |
| 1881 | 3,535 |
| 1891 | 4,014 |
| 1901 | 4,198 |
| 1911 | 4,033 |
| 1921 | 4,163 |
Cross-year identity established by spatial polygon overlap (SAME_AS chains across the Canadian Census Subdivision boundary files).
Neighbouring Census Subdivisions in 1891
In the 1891 census, Cumberland shared boundaries with:
Full census record, 1891
The 1891 census recorded 85 measurements for this Census Subdivision across 5 categories.
Population & families (1891). This community's record includes 4,014 total population, 2,110 males, 1,904 females, 1,214 married persons, 726 families, 608 married males, 606 married females, 139 widowed persons, 91 widowed females, 48 widowed males, 5.50 average size of families. (Source: 1891 Census of Canada, V1T2; V1T3.)
Age structure (1891). This community's record includes 2,661 single persons under 18, 1,454 single males under 18, 1,207 single females under 18. (Source: 1891 Census of Canada, V1T3.)
Ethnic origin (1891). This community's record includes 2,704 persons who are not French Canadian, 1,310 French Canadians. (Source: 1891 Census of Canada, V1T3.)
Buildings & housing (1891). This community's record includes 689 occupied houses, 688 houses, 669 houses built of wood, 371 houses of 1 story, 317 houses of 2 stories, 231 houses of 6 to 10 rooms, 146 houses of 3 rooms, 138 houses of 4 rooms, 82 houses of 2 rooms, 68 houses of 5 rooms, 36 uninhabited houses, 17 houses of 11 to 15 rooms, 15 houses built of brick, 5 houses under construction, 4 houses built of stone, 3 houses of 1 room, 3 houses of over 15 rooms, 1 dwellings that are vessels and shanties. (Source: 1891 Census of Canada, V1T2.)
Agriculture (1891). This community's record includes 164,069 pounds of homemade butter, 163,472 bushels of oats, 62,192 bushels of turnips, 60,390 bushels of potatoes, 59,945 acres of land in farms, 32,848 acres of improved land in farms, 27,097 acres of farmland in woodland or forest, 23,785 acres of farmland under crops, 19,360 bushels of peas, 18,298 bushels of spring wheat, 14,328 chickens, 9,639 tons of hay, 9,020 acres of hay crops, 8,978 bushels of barley, 8,869 acres of farmland in pasture, 8,410 pounds of coarse wool produced on farms, 7,855 acres of oats, 5,764 bushels of buckwheat, 2,790 bushels of corn, 2,480 milk cows, 2,165 other cattle, 2,009 sheep, 1,860 swine slaughtered or sold, 1,406 acres of wheat, 1,295 pounds of cheese produced on farms, 1,261 horses aged over 3 years, 1,225 swine, 984 sheep slaughtered or sold, 785 cattle killed or sold, 742 bushels of rye, 738 bushels of beans, 670 occupants of farms, 576 farm occupants who own their land, 536 horses aged 3 years and under, 506 acres of potatoes, 475 turkeys, 454 acres of barley, 446 geese, 251 persons living on farms between 51 and 100 acres, 244 bushels of clover, timothy, or other grass seed, 194 acres of farmland in gardens or orchards, 144 ducks, 143 persons living on farms between 11 and 50 acres, 141 acres of turnips, 132 persons living on farms under 10 acres, 107 persons living on farms between 101 and 200 acres, 94 farm occupants who rent their land, 55 bushels of winter wheat, 37 persons living on farms over 200 acres, 24 other fowl, 6 oxen. (Source: 1891 Census of Canada, V2T16; V4T2; V4T3.)
Identifiers
- TCP UID:
ON116003— year-scoped identifier from the Canadian Census Subdivision boundary file - Persistent place ID:
PLACE_ON143003— computed from spatial-overlap chains across census years - Wikidata: Q4210774
- Wikipedia (EN): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumberland,_Ontario
Sources
Census tabulations from the 1891 Census of Canada, transcribed and georeferenced by the Canadian Peoples / TCP project, hosted at the HGIS Lab, University of Saskatchewan. Persistent place identity computed from spatial-overlap chains across all available census years (1851–1921). Identity grounding to Wikidata performed via the HGIS Canada Knowledge Graph project's MCP-assisted disambiguation pipeline. See the About / Methodology page for the full data pipeline.
Cite this page
Clifford, J. (2026). "Cumberland, Ontario (1891 census)" in HGIS Canada Knowledge Graph. Retrieved from https://jimclifford.ca/hgiscanada/places/on/cumberland-on116003-1891/.